The absence of valves in the ophthalmic veins leads to a reversal of flow and marked vascular dilatation if there is a carotid-cavernous sinus fistula. Based on a case report, the possibility of accurate duplex sonographic evaluation of these findings is shown. Duplex sonography should be employed as a simple, non-invasive and inexpensive diagnostic method even if the likelihood of a carotid-cavernosus sinus fistula is remote.
In a pilot study, a total of 16 recipients of a combined pancreatic-renal allograft were examined by means of magnetic resonance imaging. Two groups were formed according to the management of the exocrine secretion: In group I patients (n = 8) the pancreatic duct was occluded with an alcoholic prolamine solution, in group II (n = 8) pancreatic juice was diverted either into a Roux-loop of jejunum (IIa, n = 4) or into the urinary bladder (group IIb, n = 4). On the T1-weighted images no difference was found between both groups with respect to signal intensity. In contrast, on T2-weighted images of group IIb, which were in situ for a significantly shorter time, a higher signal intensity was noticed as compared with the other patients. From these findings it is concluded that graft fibrosis may occur even in pancreas transplants with diversion of the exocrine secretion.
Twenty patients (mean age ± standard deviation, 42 ± 14 yr) with multiple sclerosis were studied to define a possible relation between cognitive decline and pathology seen on mag-
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