The fast speed of urbanization in Vietnamese big city like Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) has pushed a large number of longstanding cemeteries deep into the inner city. It consequently leads to the gradual loss of urban aesthetics and negative impacts on urban environment. Choosing location for cemetery in modernized city is currently realized as one of serious and difficult issues in terms of urban space planning. Also, it is an urgent concern of environmental problem. The result of traditional inhumation, for example, has led to an uncontrollable wide underground spread of polluted leachates exuding from human body corpses in longstanding cemetery and surrounding areas. In order to improve the effectiveness of urban planning, together with environmental and cemetery management and groundwater conservation responsibilities on site and surroundings of a cemetery, assessment of the groundwater pollution and simulation of the contaminant transport potential are compulsory. This study aims to conduct both tasks into Binh Hung Hoa (Tan Phu district) and Vinh Nghiem (district 12) cemeteries, the two typical longstanding cemeteries in HCMC.
Land pooling and readjustment (LPR) is a significant instrument which is used to the rapid development of urbanization. It is a way of urban expansion and renovation without any compulsory revoking of land. By this way, people should not be relocated like in other ordinary planning projects, but they are encouraged to contribute their land (or land value) for construction and modernization of infrastructure system. Therefore, after contribution, remaining land will increase its value, and living conditions will also be improved. Especially, this approach is effectively implemented in urban renovation projects in various countries and regions worldwide, i.e. Japan, Germany, Korea, Taiwan, The United States of America, Australia, India, and Thailand. Its effectiveness has been demonstrated for mitigating unusual urban growth in peripheral areas. This study aims to perform the significances of LPR instrument, as well as demonstrate its practical impacts by analyzing an implemented case-study of Tra Vinh city. Recommendation of deployment is also done as a solution for renovation of landscapes of Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) embankments.
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