We examined 1-y weight and height gains among 238 rural Bangladeshi children aged 3-11 y old to address the hypothesis that dietary protein composition is associated with growth velocity. Energy-adjusted total protein and energy-adjusted protein from sources other than cereal (animal, pulses, and vegetables) were associated with higher weight gains, after adjustment for age, sex, land ownership, diarrhea, acute respiratory infections, other fevers, nutritional status at the beginning of the study, and average body mass index of the mother [daily intake of energy-adjusted noncereal protein (beta +/- SE): 14.2 +/- 6.4 g.y-1.g-1, P = 0.03; total protein: 13.1 +/- 6.3 g.y-1.g-1, P = 0.04; and protein as percent of energy intake: 39.5 +/- 20.2 g.y-1.% of energy from protein-1, P = 0.05]. These findings are compatible with the hypotheses that protein intake may be a limiting factor for weight gain in this population, or that higher protein intake from animal sources (mostly fish) and legumes (lentils and peas) may be accompanied by higher intakes of limiting micronutrients.
The genetic complexity, clinical variability, and inaccessibility of affected tissue in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders have largely prevented the development of effective disease-modifying therapeutics. A precision medicine approach that integrates genomics, deep clinical phenotyping, and patient stem cell models may facilitate identification of underlying biological drivers and targeted drug development.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by unrestrained T-cell activation that results in the production of a variety of inflammatory cytokines and other mediators. Understanding the mechanisms of T-cell regulation is therefore of significant importance to IBD and other forms of dysregulated-mucosal inflammation. An area that is of significant interest are the cell autonomous mechanisms of T-cell regulation through proteins that have natural inhibitory functions when expressed on T lymphocytes. One such molecule is carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1). CEACAM1 is primarily an activation-induced cell-surface molecule that functions as a co-inhibitory receptor. Homophilic ligation of CEACAM1 on T cells leads to a signaling mechanism, which results in inhibition of a broad range T-cell functions. CEACAM1 therefore represents a new potential therapeutic target in the treatment of IBD.
s267 percent of studies identified that maintaining graft function assumption and time horizon as the most sensitive and influential parameters. Forty two percent of studies did not conduct any model validation. ConClusions: Cost effectiveness models of Immunosuppressant had different modeling approaches and quality levels. Future cost effectiveness models should consider evaluating Belatacept in USA because no cost-effectiveness studies have addressed USA population in which the use of Belatacept is rising. Also, future models should include comorbidities in the model, since some studies have claimed that comorbidities may affect drug responses.
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