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The energetics and its effect on the alloying behavior of AgSn liquid alloys have been theoretically investigated with the clear aim to correlate bulk phenomenon with surface as well as physical properties. The grand partition function for the bulk and the surface have been solved in the framework of compound formation model with the application of quasi-lattice approximations to obtain analytical expressions for various thermodynamic, structural, physical, and surface parameters. An attempt has also been made to link surface phenomena with the bulk through surface tension and concentration fluctuations in the long-wavelength limit (S CC(O)). The little explored area of viscosity and diffusion has also been discussed in the light of compound formation model. Our study reveals that the surface is quite enriched with Sn atoms at all bulk compositions.

A theoretical model based on the grand partition function has been developed to investigate the role of size effects on surface tension and surface segregation of liquid binary alloys. The necessary relation, which connects the surface composition with surface tension through order potential, surface coordination and volume ratio, is obtained. This has been applied to liquid Na-Cs alloys. Likewise bulk properties, surface segregation and surface tension of Na-Cs liquid alloys are also affected appreciably by the size difference and are anomalous around CNa = 0.8.

In India, approximately 58,000 radiation workers are monitored using locally made CaSO4:Dy teflon embedded thermoluminescence dosemeter (TLD) badge system. The automatic hot gas readers developed locally are also used in TL measurements. The hot gas reader system has many advantages over the manual readers used previously and has completely replaced the manual reader system in all TLD personnel monitoring units in India. In the present study, the new reader system is studied and a theoretical attempt has been made to interpret the experimentally obtained results. The glow curves are generated theoretically and are also plotted experimentally. It has been found that the heat capacity of the heating gas, which is responsible for the transfer of heat, has a role in deciding the position of peak and is verified experimentally using different gas flow rates of nitrogen and argon as heating gases in the reader. The theoretical study may also be helpful in fitting the experimentally obtained glow curves and, therefore, the elimination of unwanted non-radiation-induced contributions, such as dark current, electronic spikes, light leakage and triboluminescence that generally distort the glow curve shape, can be achieved.

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