The wake of a circular cylinder is investigated near the oscillation threshold by means of a laser probe. Above the threshold the transient regime is studied and described by a Stuart-Landau law (already found to be relevant in explaining free-oscillating regimes). Below the critical point, impulse and resonant regimes are examined, so the coefficients of the Stuart-Landau equation are determined.Moreover, in the supercritical regime, the behaviour of the (externally forced) oscillating system is described, varying parameters such as threshold deviation, forcing frequency and amplitude. The different zones of entrainment and desynchronization are given for simple or harmonic frequency.

DW-MREC is a reliable tool to assess inflammation in colonic (ADC) and ileal (Clermont score) CD and its use in daily practice would avoid gadolinium injection.

Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) commonly affects the renal and cervical arteries but has been described to affect other vascular beds as well. The prevalence of and clinical characteristics associated with multisite FMD (string-of-beds or focal stenoses affecting at least 2 vascular beds) are not known. In the prospective ARCADIA registry (Assessment of Renal and Cervical Artery Dysplasia), symptomatic patients with renal artery (RA) FMD underwent tomographic- or magnetic resonance-angiography from the aortic arch to the intracranial arteries and those with cervical FMD from the diaphragm to the pelvis. Of 469 patients (84.0% women), 225 (48.0%) had multisite FMD. In addition, 86 of 244 patients with single-site disease had dissections or aneurisms affecting other vascular beds, totaling 311 patients (66.3%) with lesions in >1 vascular bed. Among patients with a cerebrovascular presentation, the prevalence of RA lesions was higher in patients with than in those without hypertension (odds ratio, 3.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.99–6.15). Among patients with a renal presentation, the prevalence of cervical lesions was higher in patients with bilateral than in those with unilateral RA lesions (odds ratio, 1.9; 95% confidence interval, 0.99–3.57). In conclusion, FMD is a systemic arterial disease. At least 2 vascular beds were affected by dysplastic stenoses in 48.0% of cases and by dysplastic stenoses, aneurysms, and dissections in 66.1% of cases. RA imaging should be proposed to hypertensive patients with a cerebrovascular presentation. Cervical artery imaging should be considered in patients with a renal presentation and bilateral RA lesions. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: www.Clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT02884141.