SUMMARYAn infectious recombinant human adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) vector, AdG12, which carries the glycoprotein gene of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and expresses that gene in cultured HeLa cells was used to examine the host range of insert expression by human Ad vectors. The VSV glycoprotein was expressed in bovine, canine and murine cells when infected with AdG 12 in culture. These cell lines are respectively permissive, non-permissive and semi-permissive for human Ad5 replication. Administration of the AdG 12 vector to calves, piglets or dogs by either the subcutaneous or oral route resulted in the production of high titres of neutralizing antibodies to VSV. Mice injected intraperitoneally with the vector produced neutralizing antibodies and were protected against subsequent intravenous challenge with normally lethal doses of VSV. This work demonstrates the utility of human adenoviral vectors for antigen expression in a number of non-human cell lines and for the induction of an immune response to the delivered antigen in a number of species.
Tissue wet weight as well as total protein content, 5’-nucleotidase activity, alkaline phosphatase activity and Ca2+ accumulation associated with a plasma membrane fraction isolated from spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR) and rats with deoxycorticosterone (DOC) induced hypertension were investigated. Enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity and reduced ATP-dependent Ca2+ accumulation preceded the development of hypertension in SHR and these effects were reversed by DOC withdrawal followed by lowering of blood pressure in DOC hypertension. Increased arterial tissue wet weight and 5’-nucleotidase occurred only at the later stage of hypertension in SHR and the increased tissue wet weight was not reversed by DOC withdrawal in DOC hypertension. These observations suggest that enhanced alkaline phosphatase and reduced ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake may play a significant role in initiating hypertension, while increased arterial wet weight and 5’-nucleotidase activities may participate in the maintenance of hypertension.
The role of intrinsic nerves in the control of migrating myoelectric complexes (MMCs) was studied in seven conscious dogs, each implanted with a set of eight bipolar Trimel wire electrodes. Local areas, 3-5 cm long, were perfused close intra-arterially via an exteriorized heparinized Silastic cannula. Experiments consisted of giving bolus injections of atropine (20-50 micrograms), hexamethonium (20 mg), and tetrodotoxin (TTX; 3-30 micrograms) via the catheter at varying periods of time with respect to the arrival of phase III at the perfused site. Atropine and hexamethonium, given close intra-arterially immediately before the arrival of phase II at the perfused site, blocked its further propagation. Tetrodotoxin given locally also blocked the propagation of phage III, as above. After the block, TTX initiated a new phase III activity at, or distal to, the perfused site in 10 out of 14 perfusions. The new phase III activity propagated distally. This study shows that the mechanisms for the initiation and propagation of MMCs are built into the enteric plexus. Once an MMC is initiated, its propagation is achieved by proximal-to-distal excitation through the intrinsic cholinergic network of neurons. This study explains the lack of any significant changes in the propagation parameters of MMCs after vagotomy or celiac and superior mesenteric ganglionectomy.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.