Culture and gender shape emotion experience and regulation, in part because the value placed on emotions and the manner of their expression is thought to vary across these groups. This study tested the hypothesis that culture and gender would interact to predict people's emotion responding (emotion intensity and regulatory strategies). Chinese (n = 220; 52% female) and American undergraduates (n = 241; 62% female) viewed photos intended to elicit negative emotions after receiving instructions to either “just feel” any emotions that arose (Just Feel), or to “do something” so that they would not experience any emotion while viewing the photos (Regulate). All participants then rated the intensity of their experienced emotions and described any emotion‐regulation strategies that they used while viewing the photos. Consistent with predictions, culture and gender interacted with experimental condition to predict intensity: Chinese men reported relatively low levels of emotion, whereas American women reported relatively high levels of emotion. Disengagement strategies (especially distancing) were related to lower emotional intensity and were reported most often by Chinese men. Taken together, findings suggest that emotion‐regulation strategies may contribute to differences in emotional experience across Western and East Asian cultures.

Local model potentials that simulate the self-energy effects on atomic energy levels and magnetic dipole hyperfine integrals are presented. They are proposed for use in relativistic atomic, molecular or solid-state calculations.

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Within the framework of the method of the complex-coordinate rotation, a computational scheme has been developed to investigate influence of plasma environments on photoionization for atoms and ionized atoms. The Debye screening potential is used to describe effects of the plasma environments. Photoionization cross sections are reported for hydrogen and hydrogen-like helium in the ground states and compared with the available data. Investigation shows that near the ionization thresholds, photoionization is sensitive to the plasma screening. The strong screening remarkably alters the photoionization cross sections near the ionization thresholds. It is concluded that a great error may arise if photoionization cross sections for isolated atoms or ions are employed for numerical simulations of astrophysical and laboratory plasmas.

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Mental and neural representations of words are at the core of understanding the cognitive and neural mechanisms of reading. Despite extensive studies, the nature of visual word representation remains highly controversial due to methodological limitations. In particular, it is unclear whether the fusiform cortex contains only abstract orthographic representation, or represents both lower and higher level orthography as well as phonology. Using representational similarity analysis, we integrated behavioral ratings, computational models of reading and visual object recognition, and neuroimaging data to examine the nature of visual word representations in the fusiform cortex. Our results provided clear evidence that the middle and anterior fusiform represented both phonological and orthographic information. Whereas lower level orthographic information was represented at every stage of the ventral visual stream, abstract orthographic information was increasingly represented along the posterior-to-anterior axis. Furthermore, the left and right hemispheres were tuned to high- and low-frequency orthographic information, respectively. These results help to resolve the long-standing debates regarding the role of the fusiform in reading, and have significant implications for the development of psychological, neural, and computational theories of reading.

Absolute total electron-ion recombination rate coefficients of argonlike Sc 3+ (3s 2 3p 6 ) ions have been measured for relative energies between electrons and ions ranging from 0 to 45 eV. This energy range comprises all dielectronic recombination resonances attached to 3p→3d and 3p→4s excitations. A broad resonance with an experimental width of 0.89 ± 0.07 eV due to the 3p 5 3d 2 2 F intermediate state is found at 12.31 ± 0.03 eV with a small experimental evidence for an asymmetric line shape. From R-Matrix and perturbative calculations we infer that the asymmetric line shape may not only be due to quantum mechanical interference between direct and resonant recombination channels as predicted by Gorczyca et al. [Phys. Rev. A 56, 4742 (1997)], but may partly also be due to the interaction with an adjacent overlapping DR resonance of the same symmetry. The overall agreement between theory and experiment is poor. Differences between our experimental and our theoretical resonance positions are as large as 1.4 eV. This illustrates the difficulty to accurately describe the structure of an atomic system with an open 3d-shell with state-of-the-art theoretical methods. Furthermore, we find that a relativistic theoretical treatment of the system under study is mandatory since the existence of experimentally observed strong 3p 5 3d 2 2D and 3p 5 3d4s 2 D resonances can only be explained when calculations beyond LS-coupling are carried out.

A different computational scheme, based on the complex-rotation method combined with a mixed Slater-Landau basis expansion, has been developed to calculate photoionization of atomic hydrogen in strong magnetic fields typical of magnetic white dwarf stars. Photoionization cross sections are presented for the ground and the 2p excited states for selected magnetic-field strengths and found to be in good agreement with available theoretical results. The current scheme is more efficient than previously reported methods as the basis expansion explicitly incorporates the physics of the strong-field regime. The method is particularly advantageous to quantitatively elucidate complex features of positive-energy spectra and to compute continuum absorption parameters for magnetic white dwarfs.