This paper reports on possible effects of selective logging on vegetation structure and its consequences for two tenrec species in a dry forest in western Madagascar. On a small scale semi-mechanized logging of less than 10 m per ha alters forest structure significantly. However on a large scale most of these changes are smaller than the variation of forest structure due to natural causes. The most profound ecological effect of logging is a reduction in the number of woody species in the regenerating cohort of trees. Potential longterm consequences of this feature are discussed. Microhabitat variables influencing the habitat utilization of two tenrec species,Echinops telfairi andTenrec ecaudatus, were identified in an area of unlogged forest. The conclusions derived from this analysis were then tested in other parts of the forest which had been modified by selective logging. Logging of the extent described above slightly impairs habitats forE. telfairi but has no effect onT. ecaudatus. Though the latter species is hunted extensively in the logged areas, loggingper se does not threaten the survival of either species.
Transverse facial cleft or congenital macrosomia is a rare facial malformation. It is more common in men than in women. Unilateral form is the most frequent and appears to be associated in most cases with additional facial deformities. Bilateral form is rare and is more often isolated. The cosmetic damage it causes can be source of psychological stress. Sever form can cause oral functional disorders. These consequences justify early repair. We report two cases of isolated bilateral transverse facial cleft in a 6 month old girl and a 5 month old boy. The straight-line technique was used. Mucosal flaps from the lower lip were used to reduce the suture of the labial mucosa to 5 mm from the commissures on the upper lip. The aesthetic and functional outcomes were satisfactory.
Inguinal hernia is one of the most common surgical pathologies in children. The main risk is the evolution towards strangulation especially before the age of one year. Our study reports our experience on the management of strangulated hernias in children at the University Hospital Center of Antananarivo - Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona (CHUA - JRA).
This is a 12-month retrospective study. The parameters studied are the age of onset of strangulation, gender, the side concerned, clinical manifestations, therapeutic methods, outcomes.
Of 74 cases collected, 96% were male. The right side predominated with 71.62% of cases. More than 70% of the cases were less than a year old, of which 50% were less than 3 months old. Besides the signs of strangulation, 10 cases presented an evident occlusive syndrome and 5 cases had come with a deterioration of the general state. Among 56 cases of initial reduction, 49 cases were reduced and their surgical treatment was postponed from 2 to 7 days. Cases with evident signs of complications, reduction failure, and cases of ovarian hernias had emergency surgery. Two cases of immediate post-operative death, 6 cases of testicular necrosis and two cases of recurrence over a three-month follow-up were deplored in patients operated on immediately.
In case of strangulated hernia, delayed surgery after an immediate reduction offers a better prognosis. The main factor limiting this method is the late consultation responsible for advanced visceral complications.
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