-Dynamics of weed populations in arable fields are influenced by environmental and soil characteristics and also by cropping system and management practices. Manipulation of cropping systems to improve weed management requires a better understanding of the spatial and temporal dynamics of weeds, seed losses and seed production. To assess the effect of different cropping systems and various crop rotations on the weed population and seed bank, we conducted a field study at the experimental farm in Khorasan Agricultural Research Center, Mashhad, Iran. The experimental design was a split plot with 3 crop rotations as the main plots, and five cropping systems consisting of high-input, medium-input, low-input, organic and integrated systems applied to the sub-plots. Our results show that weed seed densities in organic and integrated cropping systems, of about 5000-6000 seeds/m 2 were higher than conventional and high-input cropping systems showing about 2000 seeds/m 2 . Weed seed density in continuous winter wheat of approximately 6300 seeds/m 2 was higher than other rotations with about 5000 seeds/m 2 . Weed composition in the high-input system was 11 species with 66 plants/m 2 . Whereas in the low-input and organic systems, the weed populations were 15 and 13 species with 145 and 220 plants/m 2 , respectively. Changes in weed seed bank density and species composition often occur when crop management practices and crop rotations are altered. For example, continuous winter wheat fields showed more annual grass weeds, but broadleaf weeds were more abundant in sugar beet-winter wheat rotation. The weed population in continuous winter wheat plots comprised 90% grass and sedge weeds, while in sugar beet-wheat rotation, it was only 43% of total weed density. Broadleaf weeds were 55.2% in sugar beet-winter wheat but 9.4% of total weed density in continuous winter wheat. Different rotations that include crops with different life cycles such as winter wheat-maize and winter wheat-sugar beet could lead to additional benefits of reducing the weed seed bank.conventional agriculture / ecological farming / integrated crop management / low-input crop production / organic farming
The current study was conducted in 2020 to evaluate the effect of five adjuvants on increasing the efficiency of doses of various common herbicides in a wheat field in Iran to control wild oats. mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron. The experiment was carried out at the research greenhouses of the weed research department of the Iranian Plant Protection Research Institute. The experimental factors were included: 1) herbicide treatment at five levels (various doses of herbicides including Clodinafop-Propargyl (TopiK EC 8% and EC 24%), mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron (Atlantis OD 1.2% and WG 3.6%) and Pinoxaden (Axial EC 5%), 2) various adjuvants at five levels including Ino Alg NPK (containing 20% seaweed extract at a rate of four liters per hectare), Ino Alg NPK (NG) fertilizer containing 20% seaweed extract and 10% free amino acids with 2 liters per hectare, Torpedo II adjuvant with a dose of 0.1 liters per hectare, Doctil adjuvant with a dose of 0.04 liters per hectare, and the amino acid leucine (3% production produced by Sigma Aldrich, USA) and 3) winter wild oat populations (susceptible and resistant). In this study, the effect of the above adjuvants on increasing the effectiveness of the above herbicides was repeated to control winter wild oats (Avena sterilis subsp. ludoviciana (Durieu) Gillet & Magne). The study was done by a randomized design with a factorial experiment and four replications. Treatments were performed in 3-4 leaf stage of winter wild oats. The Fresh weight, dry weight, and survival percentage of the populations was measured twenty-eight days after application of the treatmentsfresh. The results of the experiment showed that the use among all herbicides, the recommended doses of herbicides along with Ino Alg NPK (NG) adjuvant showed the most significant effect in reducing the dry weight of wild oats.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.