In the article, the task of expanding the range of work in speed and moment of traction electric drive of an agricultural tractor is considered. We propose to achieve this goal through the use of a two-stage gearbox based on a three-row planetary gear. It is proposed to shift gear ratio by eliminating one row of the gearbox from the process of converting mechanical energy. Evaluation of the effect of the proposed solution was tested on a refined mathematical model, in which the electric drive is presented as a complex “frequency converter with vector control - motor - working body. The obtained simulation results allow us to argue that with the correct operation of the system in long-term operation, energy savings of up to 12% can be achieved (for various types of soil and operating modes: arable land, driving), and for transient processes - 7-8%.
The diesel electric tractor DET-250M2 was the first tractor in the USSR with an all-electric transmission. This tractor usually works in agriculture as a cultivator and a bulldozer. However, it is often used in the railway sector, in industry, in large construction projects. Since the tractor’s electrical installation developed in the 1950s on the basis of DC collector machines is now obsolete, difficult to maintain, it was decided to upgrade the traction electric drive. The article presents the calculations of an electric machine: optimization of the rotor geometry, selection of the optimal ratio of the pole and interpolar gap, selection of the optimal number of poles of the machine, selection of the current shape, type of rotor. As an electric machine, a FRRM, which characterized by high overload capacity, a wide range of work in terms of torque and speed, was selected.
The article considers the influence of losses in steel of Field Regulated Reluctance Machine (FRRM) on its specific values and the electric drive control system. Two methods of their determination are analyzed: analytical and field. The second method is preferable, since it requires less information about the properties of materials with the same accuracy in determining losses. It is shown that losses in steel shift the optimal control angle of the stator current vector towards the q-axis of the electric machine. The angle offset when the load is increased to three times is 5 electrical degrees. It is shown that when the load current increases, the losses in steel to eddy currents and hysteresis are equally dependent on induction. With three times the load, losses increase by 60%. As the speed increases, the eddy current losses from the current increase squared, and the hysteresis losses are almost linear. This indicates a different degree of dependence of the loss components on the speed. Regression dependences of losses on the load current and speed of FRRM are given.
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