Gas Electron Multipliers have undergone a very consistent development since their invention in 1997. Their production procedures have been tuned in such a way that nowadays it is possible to produce foils with areas of the order of the square meter that can operate at a reasonable gain, uniform over large areas and with a good stability in what concerns electrical discharges. For the 3rd run of LHC, they will be included in the CMS and ALICE experiments after significant upgrades of the detectors, confirming that these structures are suitable for very large experiments. In the special case of Time Projection Chambers, the ion backflow and the energy resolution are sensitive issues that must be addressed and the GEM has shown to be able to deal with both of them. In this work, a stack of three GEMs with different pitches has been studied as a possible future approach for ion backflow suppression to be used in TPCs and other detection concepts. With this approach, an ion backflow of 1 % with an energy resolution of 12 % at 5.9 k\eV has been achieved with the detector operating in an Ar/Co (90/10) mixture at a gain of ∼ 2000.
A: The Helium-3 shortage and the growing interest in neutron science constitute a driving factor in developing new neutron detection technologies. In this work, we report the development of a double-GEM detector prototype that uses a 10 B 4 C layer as a neutron converter material. GEANT4 simulations were performed predicting an efficiency of 3.14(10) %, agreeing within 1.6 𝜎 with the experimental and analytic detection efficiencies obtained by the detector when tested in a 41.8 meV thermal neutron beam. The detector is position sensitive, equipped with a 256+256 strip readout connected to resistive chains, and achieves a spatial resolution better than 3 mm. The gain stability over time was also measured with a fluctuation of about 0.2 % h −1 of the signal amplitude. A simple data acquisition with only 5 electronic channels is sufficient to operate this detector.
Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM)-based detectors using a layer of 10B as a neutron converter is becoming popular for thermal neutron detection. A common strategy to simulate this kind of detector is based on two frameworks: Geant4 and Garfield++. The first one provides the simulation of the nuclear interaction between neutrons and the 10B layer, while the second allows the simulation of the interaction of the reaction products with the detector gas leading to the ionization and excitation of the gas molecules. Given the high ionizing power of these nuclear reaction products, a full simulation is very time consuming and must be optimized to become viable. In this work, we present a strategy to develop a fast simulator based on these two frameworks that will allow us to generate enough data for a proper evaluation of the expected performance and optimization of this kind of detector. We will show the first results obtained with this tool concentrating on its validation and performance.
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