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Many researchers consider a key role in initiation of apoptosis along the mitochondrial pathway to be enhanced by cytochrome c, one of the components of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, which acquires peroxidase activity by forming a complex with phospholipids. Mitochondrial membranes are destroyed affected by the peroxidase reaction catalyzed by this supramolecular nanoparticle, resulting in the release of various proapoptotic factors into the cellular cytoplasm, ultimately leading to the development of an apoptosis pathway. The study of lipoperoxidase activity of the cytochrome c with cardiolipin complex is conducted via activated chemiluminescence. However, prior to this study, no assessment of the potential contribution of free non-heme iron, which can be inserted into the sample, into chemiluminescence of the system of cytochrome c complex with cardiolipinhydrogen peroxide. It was found during the study process, that chemiluminescence of this system is indeed generated by the activity of the cytochrome c with cardiolipin complex, and the method of activated chemiluminescence is actually suitable for its study. The effect of trolox and dihydroquercetin (taxifolin) as synthetic and natural antioxidants on lipoperoxidase activity of the cytochrome c with cardiolipin complex was as well assessed via application of chemiluminescence activator specific for lipid peroxidation reactionscoumarin-334. A complete inhibition of lipoperoxidase activity for a few minutes with its subsequent full development under the trolox response and its dose-dependent uniform decrease under dihydroquercetin effect was obtained. These findings are promising for the future studies on inhibition of lipoperoxidase activity of this nanoparticle by antioxidants in order to inhibit the inappropriate apoptosis. Peroxidase activity of intact mitochondria in the comparative application of two chemiluminescence activators: coumarin-334 and coumarin-525, was also featured.

The present review, consisting of two parts, considers the application of the chemiluminescence detection method in evaluating free radical reactions in biological model systems. The first part presents a classification of experimental biological model systems. Evidence favoring the use of chemiluminescence detection in the study of free radical reactions, along with similar methods of registering electromagnetic radiation as electron paramagnetic resonance, spectrophotometry, detection of infrared radiation (IR spectrometry), and chemical methods for assessing the end products of free radical reactions, is shown. Chemiluminescence accompanying free radical reactions involving lipids has been the extensively studied reaction. These reactions are one of the key causes of cell death by either apoptosis (activation of the cytochrome c complex with cardiolipin) or ferroptosis (induced by free ferrous ions). The concept of chemiluminescence quantum yield is also discussed in this article. The second part, which is to be published in the next issue, analyzes the application of chemiluminescence detection using luminescent additives that are called activators, a.k.a. chemiluminescence enhancers, and enhance the emission through the tripletsinglet transfer of electron excitation energy from radical reaction products, followed by light emission with a high quantum yield.

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