The purpose of the present research is to analyze the geofluid dynamic concept of oil and gas formation. The research uses the author's data on the structure, composition and thickness of multi-aged oil and gas complexes of the Siberian platform (Russia). The oil and gas complexes identified as a result of the integrated geological, geochemical and geophysical studies carried out under oil and gas geological zoning and operational work are presented as a material expression of geofluid dynamic systems. Any geofluid dynamic system includes hydrocarbon generation centers, oil and gas migration routes, types of reservoirs and traps, lithological composition of reservoir rocks and reservoir cap rocks Also it is controlled by a favorable combination of their appearance in geological time and space. An ordinary fluid dynamic system is presented by hydrocarbon solutions generated by oil and gas generation centers, which are examples of a trivial defluidization of oil and gas source rocks of a sedimentary basin. This study allowed to be the first who has identified the elements of multi-age geofluid dynamic systems, presented their material expression in the form of multi-age oil and gas bearing complexes as well as analyzed the composition of hydrocarbons on the example of individual deposits of variousoil and gas-bearing areas. Besides, possible generation centers of hydrocarbon fluids and ways of their migration were investigated. Oil fields of different ages of the oil and gas bearing provinces of the Siberian Platform feature different composition and density, whereas according to numerous available data, they belong to a single genetic type, which is characterized by the predominance of methane hydrocarbons.
РЕЗЮМЕ. Цель. Анализ нефтегазоносности Сибирской платформы (СП) на основе исследования глобальных историко-генетических и геологических аспектов онтогенеза углеводородов. Методы. Интерпретация геодинамических, структурно-тектонических, литолого-фациальных факторов нефтегазоносности Сибирской платформы путем изучения особенностей месторождений углеводородов на ее территории. Анализ следующих наиболее важных глобальных предпосылок нефтегазоносности юга СП: 1) огромных площадей распространения рифейско-вендско-кембрийских отложений на территории СП в обширных рифейских осадочно-породных бассейнах; 2) литолого-фациального состава пород, наличия мощных пластов каменных солей, присутствия многочисленных водорослево-археоциатовых биогермов в рифей-венд-кембрийских отложениях как убедительных доказательств благоприятной палеогеографической и палеоклиматической обстановки этих периодов, обусловленных положением Земли в зоне низких широт; 3) длительности рифейского этапа развития СП (более 1 млрд лет), отличающегося формированием разнообразных по кинематике и масштабам типов структурных зон, в том числе многочисленных рифтов; 4) существования на территории СП инкратонных и перикратонных рифтов-наиболее проницаемых структур литосферы, создающих оптимальные условия транзита глубинных флюидных потоков и играющих важнейшую роль в процессах нафтидогенеза; 5) наличия разновозрастных генетических типов природных резервуаров с набором литогеодинамических комплексов, сформированных на разных геотектонических стадиях развития породноосадочных бассейнов. Результаты. На основе обобщения геолого-геофизической информации последних лет проанализированы глобальные геологические и историко-генетические предпосылки нефтегазоносности СП, создающие максимально благоприятные условия онтогенеза углеводородов. Выводы. Перечисленные предпосылки подтверждены доказанной и перспективной нефтегазоносностью рифей-венд-кембрийских отложений юга СП, к которым приурочены многочисленные месторождения углеводородов. Ключевые слова: Сибирская платформа, месторождения углеводородов, нефтегазоносность, породноосадочные бассейны, рифтовые структуры, перикратонные и инкратонные рифты, палеоочаги генерации углеводородов, природные резервуары, нефтегазоносные и литогеодинамические комплексы.
The purpose of the research is to analyze the lithological and facies conditions of formation and the causes of lithological composition variability of the Yarakta horizon deposits as well as formation and distribution features of reservoir rocks in the horizon. The paper uses the data on drilling and geophysical work results and research materials from the public sources. The Yarakta horizon is commercially productive in the deposits of the southeastern slope and the central part of the Nepa-Botuoba anteclise: Dulisminskoe, Yaraktinskoe, Ayanskoe, Danilovskoe deposits, etc. The deposits of the Yarakta horizon were formed during the initial transgressive stage of the Vendian sedimentation cycle and are characterized by extreme lithological irregularity of rock composition and thickness. Investigations of a number of scientists testify that in the early formation of the Yarakta horizon its territory in geomorphological terms was predominantly presented by a coastal plain, which was occasionally flooded by the sea. The rocks in the area are represented by the facies of temporary proluvial-deluvial flows of the coastal plain replaced by coastal shallow sediments. The change in the lithological composition of rocks and thicknesses of the Yarakta horizon is a result of changes in the nature of oscillatory movements, while its structural and textural features are determined mainly by the dynamics of water flows of the sedimentation medium and the paleorelief nature of the underlying surface. The conducted research allows to conclude that lithological heterogeneity of the Yarakta horizon in sections (vertically) and along the strike (laterally) is determined by the frequent alternation of various lithotypes, the formation of which is determined by the complex nature of tectonic movements and irregularity features of sedimentary layer facies.
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