Ewing's sarcomas are rare neoplasms which comprise about 1% of all sarcomas. Сortical bones are usually affected. Cranial bones are rarely involved and are 1-6% of all Ewing's sarcoma cases. The article presents a case of a rare pathology - Ewing’s sarcoma of the temporal bone in a 36-year old woman and describes the morphological changes in the flat bones of the skull and the adjacent soft tissues of the head and their interconnection with data of clinical and laboratory and instrumental methods of investigation. Complexity of the lifetime diagnosis verification without histological and immunohistochemical confirmation has been shown on a concrete example.
А case of rare pathology - Takayasu’s disease in a middle age patient has been presented. Morphological changes in the organs and their correlation with data of clinical and instrumental methods have been described. The article shows the complexity of lifetime diagnosis verification and the difficulty of diagnosis of this disease on a concrete example.
Objective: to study the results of autopsies of patients with liver cirrhosis, to analyze the frequency of diagnosing «hepatorenal syndrome» (HRS) and its conformity with diagnostic criteria. Material and methods. A retrospective cohort analysis of 130 autopsies of patients with liver cirrhosis was performed. HRS was detected clinically and/or pathologically in 43.8 % of the patients. Clinical data and autopsy protocols of 27 patients with liver cirrhosis were analyzed in detail for compliance of the diagnosis of HRS with diagnostic criteria. The data were recorded and analyzed in MS Excel 2010. Results. The frequency of the diagnosis «hepatorenal syndrome» significantly exceeds the real prevalence of this pathology; its diagnostic criteria are often not followed; HRS is not considered to be the diagnosis of exclusion; the type of HRS is not indicated; for healthcare specialists there is often equality in the terms «hepatorenal syndrome» and «hepato-renal failure». Conclusion. To improve the quality of medical care for patients with liver cirrhosis, it is necessary to adhere more strictly to the clinical protocol «Diagnosis and treatment of patients with diseases of the digestive system», to introduce more accurate additions to it, and to increase knowledge of healthcare specialists in the field of HRS diagnosis.
Objectives : to develop and substantiate a new original method of modeling hemorrhagic shock in small laboratory animals. Materials and methods. Hemorrhagic shock was simulated on 32 nubilous outbred male albino rats (experimental group). The control group contained 30 healthy animals. Persistent hypotension was caused by 35-40 % intracardiac intake of circulating blood volume, which is about 5 ml of blood. The blood was taken by 2 ml/100 g per minute. The clinical and laboratory parameters of the animals were determined 24 and 48 hours later, then morphological studies were conducted, as well as the results obtained were compared with the control group. Results. All the laboratory animals of the experimental group observed tachypnea and tachycardia. The indices of red blood test in the experimental group reflected severity of blood loss by a statistically significant decrease of red blood cells and hemoglobin concentration during 48 hours compared to those in the control group. Thus, we obtained complex morphological confirmation of developed hemorrhagic shock. Conclusion. The presented model of hemorrhagic shock is maximum similar to natural processes which appear under normal conditions. With the help of the original model we can study pathogenetic mechanisms of hemorrhagic shock development, as well as to investigate the effect of various drugs and methods of treatment on the pathogenesis of shock. The proposed experimental model is simple in the technique of its performance and does not require expensive material and technical basis and is economically advantageous.
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