Skin is the most vulnerable and extensive body area in mammals. The clinical manifestation of dermatopathies may vary from minor irritation to extensive ulcers causing severe discomfort and disturbance of homeostasis. The aim of the research was to study the hematological status of dogs and cats with the most common ectoparasitosis of varying severity. The research was conducted in the period from 2015 to 2017 on the basis of the Department of Anatomy and Physiology of Northern Trans-Ural State Agricultural University and several veterinarian clinics of the city of Tyumen and the Tyumen region. For the indicated period, 19,226 domestic carnivores were studied out of which 8,602 were cats and 10,624 were dogs. It has been stated that in the case of diseases caused by ectoparasites (ticks: Sarcoptes, Notoedres, Demodex, Ixodes and Dermacentor, as well as fleas (Ctenocephalides canis) and C. felis) serious hematologic changes occur. Blood cells actively react to the painful processes occurring in the domestic carnivores; therefore, there is a quantitative change that gives important clinical and diagnostic value for determining the severity of disease and assigning of adequate treatment. The phenomena of erythrocytopenia occurred in dogs and cats under demodicosis, as well as during the ixodid tick attack. Erythrocytosis was observedduring notoedrosis in cats. The number of erythrocytes at that time has increased by 20%. In case of ectoparasitic lesions, the level of hemoglobin tended to decrease. So, ixodidoses, flea invasion and demodicosis in dogs and cats were accompanied by anemic symptoms, which in our opinion were caused by blood loss and destruction of red blood cells by biological toxins. Leukocytosis was observed in domestic carnivores affected by pruritic ticks (notoedrosis, sarcoptosis). In some cases, the amount of leukocytes increased 2.3 times. The rate of erythrocyte sedimentation at most arachnoentomoses (flea invasion of dogs and cats, dog sarcoptosis and ixodidosis) had a stable tendency to increase, which indicates the development of necrotic region, inflammatory reaction and destructive processes in sick animals.
In the Northern Trans-Ural region ticks are dangerous to animals as carriers and reservoirs of viruses and parasitic diseases. New compositions with prominent acaricidal qualities, the majority of which belong to the group of synthetic pyrethroids, are being constantly created against ticks. In the search of efficient compositions to fight against ixodic ticks, the main focus was placed on acaricides that correspond to the necessary safety requirements. The measures to fight against ixodic ticks in the region were mainly caused by the fact that the development and systematization, as well as the efficiency and economic feasibility of acaricidal measures against ixodic ticks were not studied for many decades. Another reason to implement the antiparasitic measures was poor condition of the territory characterized by multiple blood protozoan diseases among animals, which lead not only to the loss of efficiency, but also to the death of production animals. The acaricidal activity of the deltamethrin-based composition was studied on laboratory strains of hungry imago ticks Dermacentor reticulatus. For this purpose, ticks (11-13 specimen per each concentration under study) were put in mill gas (polyamide grid with fine cellular structure) and placed for one minute onto various emulsion concentrations and then on a dry filter paper in a Petri dish. The results of three repeated experiments were analyzed in 12-24-48-72 hours. The laboratory results on acaricide activity of ixodic ticks in chemical water emulsions allowed their further study in field conditions. The study showed that the medium-volume spraying of a 0.005% delcid water emulsion on animals in the amount of 500 ml on adult animal and 250 ml on young species has high protective action against ixodic ticks. The use of the specified modes allows protecting animals from the attack of ixodic ticks within 6 days. It is found that delcid acaricidal treatment is cost efficient making 450 rubles (as of 2017 prices) per one animal throughout the entire parasitizing season of ixodic ticks.
Toforecast thenumberof ticks and take successful measures for decreasingthemin population it is necessary to know the features of their phenology in aparticular region. The majority of acarologists pays attention to the features of Ixodes persulcatus'activity as they transmitixodic infections. The proved epizootic and epidemiological importance of Dermacentors dictates the necessity of developing and organizing the comprehensive control system against this specie of ticks toprevent diseases.This demand the fullest and comprehensive studying of ecology and phenology features of Dermacentor reticulatus of a particular region. The aim of the research isthe detailed studying of bioecology of Dermacentor reticulatus ticks, the most widespread ticks in the Tyumen region. We had monitoredover thelife cycle features of Dermacentor reticulates in natural biotopes over the 2013 to 2014 period in the subzone of the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region. In natural climatic conditions of the specified climatic zone Dermacentor reticulatus are capable to give one generation per a parasitizing season ifparasite juvenile forms meet feeders. The whole process of reproduction from egg up to theadult specimen emerge took from 69 to 161 days, and averagely 115±1,99 full days. Metamorphosis of larvae had taken the shortest time period (29,1±2,0 full days or 25,3% of all cycle time), nymph and imago formations had happened practically for equal periods of 34,5±2,3 and 37,0±5,0 full days respectively. Having studied the regularities of the Dermacentor reticulates life cycles we can prove the emergence and the activity peaks of both juvenile, and adult phases of these ticks activity. That allows to plan actions oncontrolling these parasites in places of their dwelling.
To forecast the number of ticks and take successful measures for decreasing them in population it is necessary to know the features of their phenology in aparticular region. The majority of acarologists pays attention to the features of Ixodes persulcatus activity as they transmitixodic infections. The proved epizootic and epidemiological importance of Dermacentors dictates the necessity of developing and organizing the comprehensive control system against this specie of ticks to prevent diseases. This demand the fullest and comprehensive studying of ecology and phenology features of Dermacentor reticulatus of a particular region. The aim of the research is the detailed studying of bioecology of Dermacentor reticulatus ticks, the most widespread ticks in the Tyumen region. We had monitored over the life cycle features of Dermacentor reticulates in natural biotopes over the 2013 to 2014 period in the subzone of the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region. In natural climatic conditions of the specified climatic zone Dermacentor reticulatus are capable to give one generation per a parasitizing season if parasite juvenile forms meet feeders. The whole process of reproduction from egg up to the adult specimen emerge took from 69 to 161 days, and averagely 115±1.99 full days. Metamorphosis of larvae had taken the shortest time period (29.1±2.,0 full days or 25.3% of all cycle time), nymph and imago formations had happened practically for equal periods of 34.5±2.3 and 37.0±5.0 full days respectively. Having studied the regularities of the Dermacentor reticulates life cycles we can prove the emergence and the activity peaks of both juvenile, and adult phases of these ticks activity. That allows to plan actions on controlling these parasites in places of their dwelling.
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