Dermatological diseases are the most widespread in the whole world. According to WHO, 20–30% of the world's population suffers from fungal skin diseases and 25–35% from pustular diseases. Pustular diseases (pyoderma) are the result of pathogenic staphylococci and streptococci, and fungal diseases (dermatomycoses) are caused by various types of fungi. Today, these diseases are treated with various types of drugs, but the active ingredient in almost all of them is synthetic compounds (antibiotics, sulfonamides, imidazole derivatives, etc.). Medicines of natural origin are scarce. In order to increase the number of phytoremedies for external use (ointments), which have medicinal plant active components, a study was conducted using standardized essential oil of common thyme. The aim of the work was to study the effect of excipients on the ointment base by the method of mathematical planning of the experiment for the development of the optimal composition of the dermatological ointment with the essential oil of common thyme. Excipiennts for ointment bases of hydrophobic and emulsion composition were used to develop the optimal composition of the ointment. The concentration of thyme essential oil was 5% in all samples. The degree of thymol release in an in vitro study using the equilibrium dialysis method was chosen as the criterion for choosing the optimal composition. Excipiennts allowed in pharmacy, with known characteristics, safety profile, and application experience were used as auxiliary substances. Using Duncan's multiple criterion, a number of advantages were created: а7 > а8 > а9 > а10 > а6 >а2 > а5 > а3 > а1 > а4. On the basis of the conducted studies, the optimal composition of the ointment was chosen for the treatment of lesions of the scalp and hair. The studied organoleptic and technological properties and quality indicators (homogeneity, colloidal stability, thermal stability, microbiological purity) of ointment with thyme essential oil during long-term storage at a temperature of +2–+8 °C established the stability of the developed composition of the ointment during two years of observation. The creation of a new local remedy for the treatment of lesions of the scalp and its hair part will allow to expand the arsenal of safe and effective remedies.
The profound transformations of the national higher education system are the result of a combination of various factors. The process of creating a knowledge society puts the field of higher education at the center not only of the development of basic and applied science, the formation of future social and professionalelites, it makes it generally responsible for the interpretation, dissemination and use of new knowledge. The ethics of higher education, the values that underlie its scientific and educational activities, the principles and rules of relationships in each institution, in teaching staff, in relationships with students are the basis of the academic corporation’s ability to effectively self-regulate and meet society’s demand. Thus, conscious moral choice, concern for reputation become one of the main mechanisms of internal self-regulation of the professional community, determine its ethical priorities, balance of power and logic of professional communications. Academic integrity, as a certain social ideal, must counteract the excessive commercialization of universities, their intensive bureaucratization, which destroys not only the ability to fulfill their social mission, but also the logic of their existence. Violation of the principles of academic interaction, undermining of corporate solidarity and trust, reduction of professional involvement, low interest in the active work of the academic community - all this is a consequence of the limited autonomy of the academic space. The activities of the academic community can be effective only if it is based on a certain set of values that unite very different people into one team and give meaning to their joint activities. Academic honesty in this situation significantly affects the formation of common approaches to the organization of work, the definition of job competencies and trust, decision-making procedures, perception and resolution of conflicts, and so on. The article presents the basic principles and experience of implementing academic integrity in the educational and scientific space of Zaporizhia State Medical University in the framework of the implementation of European standards of higher education institutions in Ukraine.
The work is devoted to the study of herbs of the representative genus Clover Trifolium fragiferum L. from the south Ukrainian flora. The aim of this research is to investigate the representative of Southern Ukraine flora Trifolium fragiferum L. which has a sufficient raw material base and use in folk medicine. Materials and methods. Samples were grown in the suburbs of Zaporizhzhia and harvested during full flowering (May – June). Microscopic analysis was performed with temporary preparations of leaves and stems. Plant extracts were analyzed chromatographically using an Agilent Technologies 6890 gas chromatograph with mass spectrometric detection. Results. The leaf is covered with parenchymal cells with slightly thickened membranes with anocytic stomata. The main parenchyma is composed of rounded toxoid cells. Stem rounded, covered with elongated parenchymal cells with thin membranes with almost no stomata and pubescence. Central axial cylinder is of beam type. Beams are open collateral, large. Above the phloem of the bundles is a multilayered sclerenchyma. The core is partially filled, hollow in the center. 63 compounds were found in the native extract, of which 37 were identified: coumarins, fatty acids, diterpene alcohols, oxygenated hydrocarbons of terpenoid nature, higher hydrocarbons, representatives of phytosterols, and phytosterols. After acid hydrolysis with sulfuric acid, 58 compounds were found, of which 49 were identified: coumarins, alcohols and phenols, aldehydes and ketones, compounds of diterpene nature. Conclusions. Pharmacognostic analysis of the genus Clover Trifolium fragiferum L. revealed diagnostic microscopic signs of leaves and stems. The components of the native extract are compared, and after its acid hydrolysis. Certain regularities in the distribution of classes of substances that characterized certain types of extracts were revealed: monoterpenoids, aromatic, heterocyclic compounds characterized the hydrolyzed product. Sesquiterpenes and steroid compounds are found only in the native extract of strawberry clover herb. Alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones were the majority in the hydrolyzed extract, and hydrocarbons were observed more in the native. Only 5 components were identified in both extracts: nonacosan, 2-phenoxyethanol, loliolide, dihydroactinidiolide and coumarin with significant differences in amounts.
Aim. To determine the optimal concentration of the thyme essential oil in the cream for the treatment of scalp diseases as part of the first stage of the development of the composition of this remedy. Materials and methods. The study object was model ointment compositions on the vaseline-lanolin base with different concentrations of the thyme essential oil. The antimicrobial and antifungal activities of the essential oil components were determined in the microbiological studies using agar diffusion. The reliability of the effect of the concentration of the thyme essential oil on the microbiological activity was determined by the method of mathematical planning of the experiment with a repeated number of tests. Results and discussion. Using Duncan’s multiple rank test, the ointment compositions with different content of the thyme essential oil (0,5 %, 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 5 %, 7 %, 10 %) made on a vaseline-lanolin base (7 : 3) were ranked by the effect of the concentration of the thyme essential oil on the microbiological activity. According to the results obtained, the best indicators of the microbiological activity were observed in the samples containing 10 %, 7 % and 5 % thyme essential oil, and they had practically the same activity of their concentrations. In order to save the thyme essential oil, it was decided to focus on its minimum concentration (5 %), which provided the maximum antibacterial effect. Conclusions. The results of the studies allowed us to state the reliable effect of the concentration of the thyme essential oil on the microbiological activity of the ointment. The optimal concentration of the thyme essential oil, which is 5 %, has been determined. It will be used in the future to develop the optimal composition of a cosmetic cream.
The Thymus L. genus is extremely widespread on the territory of Ukraine and includes up to 50 main species. Extracts from the official species of the Thymus L. genus are part of effective herbal preparations with pronounced anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. A promising direction of modern phytochemical research is the determination of the accumulation of biologically active polyphenolic compounds in the Thymus vulgaris L. herb, which is widely cultivated in Ukraine and other countries. The aim of the work is to determine the accumulation of polyphenolic compounds in Thymus vulgaris L. herb at the end of flowering using TLC and HPLC methods. Materials and methods. For experimental studies, alcohol extracts from Thymus vulgaris L. herb (1:100) were used. The plants were cultivated in Volodymyrivka, Zaporizhzhia region during the period of maximum polyphenolic compounds accumulation (June – August 2022). The substances’ component composition was studied by TLC method Biostep CD 60 densitometer (Germany) and HPLC Agilent 1260 Infinity HPLC System Open LABCDS Software (Japan). Results. TLC and HPLC methods revealed up to 29 polyphenolic compounds. Experimentally determined flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids are known in phytotherapy for their pronounced anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities. Conclusions. Considering the results obtained by TLC and HPLC methods, it can be concluded that Thymus vulgaris L. is a promising species for further phytochemical research.
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