Objetivo. Verificar a associação de risco para Síndrome da Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono (SAOS) com o consumo de gorduras e fibras. Mé­todo. Estudo descritivo realizado na Sociedade Beneficente de Senho­ras Hospital Sírio Libanês (HSL). Participaram 1030 indivíduos que foram avaliados quanto idade, sexo, peso, estatura e Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC). Para investigar a ingestão alimentar foi aplicado o Questionário de Freqüência Alimentar (QFA) e para classificar o risco para SAOS foi aplicado Questionário de Berlin (QB). Resultados. A faixa etária variou entre 24 e 78 anos, com média de 45±8,9anos, com IMC médio de 26,9Kg/m2, 77,7% do sexo masculino. Pacientes com alto risco para SAOS representaram 23,13%. Observou-se associação de 13,95% (p<0,001) entre alto risco para SAOS e obesidade, quando comparados com sobrepeso (7,02%) e eutrófico (2,14%). 25% dos indivíduos apresentavam consumo elevado de gorduras e 43,4% re­lataram baixo consumo de fibras, mas não apresentando associação com alto risco para SAOS (p=0,44). Conclusão. O presente estudo encontrou associação entre obesidade e alto risco para SAOS. Além disso, apesar de não haver relação entre risco para SAOS e consumo de gorduras e fibras, os resultados mostram números expressivos que podem influenciar no desenvolvimento da SAOS.

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Introduction: In 2050, we estimate that the population of individuals who are 90 years of age or older will be five times higher than that in 2010. Among elderly people, the disease process can contribute to a worsening nutritional status. This article aims to examine the associations among nutritional status and initial diagnoses, muscle mass, routes of feeding, and clinical outcomes. Despite the progressive increase in this population and their particularities, few studies have been conducted among nonagenarians. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that included patients over 90 years old admitted to Hospital Sírio Libanês. The following parameters were assessed: calf circumference (CC), body mass index (BMI), routes of feeding and medical diagnosis. Nutritional screening was performed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). Results: A total of 79 patients were assessed, and they had a median age of 92 years, a median BMI of 22.6 kg/m2 and median hospital stay of 13 days. A total of 59.5% of the patients (n=47) were female. The frequency of malnutrition (as assessed by the BMI) was 54.4%. There was a positive relationship (71.4%) between CC <31 cm and underweight (as assessed by the BMI) (p=0.032). Malnutrition (classified using the MNA) was significantly associated with dysphagia (77.4%) (p=0,003), the use of supplements (p=0.002) and enteral nutrition therapy (p=0.005). Mortality (25.8%) was also significantly related to malnutrition, showing that nutritional status contributed to poor clinical outcomes in patients (p=0.042). Conclusion: Dysphagia had a positive relationship with malnutrition because it is a condition that affects food intake. The use of supplements and a higher indication for enteral nutritional therapy both had a positive relationship with malnutrition because they are conducts indicated to improve nutritional status, showing that specific nutrition assistance strategies for this age group can contribute to improved nutritional status in nonagenarians.

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Objective: This study evaluated the correlations between phase angle and muscle mass, which can contribute to an accurate nutritional diagnosis. Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional study, conducted from July 2020 to July 2021, included patients classified as at-risk based on their initial nutritional assessments. Bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to evaluate body composition and determine the PA. Data on nutritional status and hospital stay were also obtained. Results: Among the 1.012 evaluated patients, 55% (557) were male, the median age was 71.8 years, and the median body mass index (BMI) was 22.7 kg/m2. A total of 60.1% (606) of the patients had low MM. The PA cut-off for reduced MM was 4.30º for the total population and for men, and 3.76º for women. Patients with reduced PA were older (61.8 [23] vs. 76.4 [19] years; p<0.001), had a longer hospital stay (14 [20] vs. 11[15]; p<0.001) and lower BMI (24.1 [6.0] vs 22.3 [4.8] kg/m2; p<0.001). Patients with a hospital stay >11 days were twice as likely to have a reduced PA (odds ratio [OR] = 2.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.37–2.93). In addition, patients from critical units were almost twice as likely to have a reduced PA (OR = 1.87, 95% CI 1.22–2.87). Conclusion: Patients with reduced MM presented a lower PA cut-off than that for patients with normal MM; thus, the PA represents a good marker to detect MM reduction. A reduced PA also increased the likelihood of malnutrition and prolonged hospital stay.

Introduction: Severe forms of COVID-19 are more common in patients with abnormal fat distribution, particularly high visceral adiposity. The patient's muscle strength may be reduced during the acute phase of the infection. Electrical bioimpedance (BIA) is a non-invasive method for measuring body compartments and estimating visceral fat area (VFA) that can be used at the bedside. Objective: To assess the relationship between several body composition parameters, primarily adipose tissue and VFA, in patients with and without a diagnosis of COVID-19 infection, as well as its role in disease severity. Methods: This is a retrospective study that was conducted in a private hospital in the city of São Paulo from March 2020 to August 2021. The Student's T test was used to compare the results of quantitative variables in the groups with and without COVID-19. The non-parametric Mann-Whitney test was used where normality could not be established. When dealing with categorical data, Pearson's Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test are used to analyze relationships. Results: A total of 96 patients with a mean age of 69.1 years (SD 15) were divided into two groups of 48 individuals, with and without COVID-19 infection. Body mass index (p=0.000), fat mass (p=0.052), and VFA (p=0.042) were all higher in the infection group. When COVID-19 patients were evaluated, those with higher VFA had longer hospital stays (p=0.020) and used more vasoactive drugs (p=0.043). Patients with COVID-19 with poor handgrip strength were 4.38 times more likely to require a prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) stay. Conclusion:The study concluded that excess weight and body fat are significantly associated with COVID-19 involvement, but the severity is primarily related to a greater area of visceral fat. The use of bioimpedance for visceral fat measurement was effective, as it is a simple method performed in the hospital setting that does not require the use of radiation.