Drivers have experienced various in-car interactions due to advanced
infotainment systems and digital integration in cars. The scope of in-car
interaction is likely to be further expanded in autonomous driving due to
the increased free time in the car for focusing on non-driving activities.
When designing in-car interactions, enhancing the in-car user experience by
giving drivers new abilities and providing them with effortless and
intuitive interactions is a worthy goal. Hence, understanding users’
perspectives in the early phases is the critical first step to informing the
design process. Although prior studies have revealed users’ expectations and
needs in an autonomous vehicle, there is a lack of understanding of when and
in which context users might most desire effortless interaction. This
investigation aims to examine users’ expectations and identify themes for
effortless in-car interaction. One hundred fifty participants were recruited
using a purposive sampling strategy. The study consists of an open-ended
online questionnaire that enquired about the context in which people desire
effortless interaction within a car the most. Questionnaire responses were
clustered into themes using a thematic analysis method. The study proposes a
taxonomy of in-car contexts composed of six major themes, with 17
sub-themes, which include the following contexts: 1) switching-required, 2)
emotion-underlain, 3) idle-away, 4) less-controllable, 5) time-sensitive and
6) task-oriented. The findings provide guidance regarding the critical
contexts of effortless interaction, which designers can use to better
understand and improve automotive experiences.
Driving involves a variety of events and activities that stimulate emotional experiences. The aim of this investigation was to examine automobile experiences and to identify affective themes. 245 UK-based participants were recruited using a purposive sampling strategy. One study consisted of an online questionnaire which inquired about the automotive experiences which proved most emotionally intense. The second consisted of a simulator based immersive driving experience, followed afterwards by a questionnaire which inquired about the automotive experiences which proved most emotionally intense. Questionnaire responses were clustered into themes using a content analysis method. The study identified 13 major themes and 44 sub-themes. The findings provide guidance regarding the triggers of emotional responses which designers can use to better understand and to improve automotive experiences.
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