The carbonation of flue gas desulphurization (FGD) gypsum using a CO2/N2 gas mixture was investigated to study the feasibility of using the flue gas directly in the gypsum carbonation. The effect of the reaction temperature on the carbonation reaction and the carbonation conversion efficiency of the samples were considered. In this study, the carbonation conversion efficiency was calculated using a new method for decreasing the error range from a sample containing unreacted gypsum. The carbonation reaction at 40°C was nearly twice as fast as the reaction at room temperature. In addition, the carbonation conversion efficiency at 40°C (96%) was nearly the same as that at room temperature. However, the efficiency decreased significantly with temperature, especially above 60°C. It can, therefore, be concluded that the direct use of flue gas in gypsum carbonation is most feasible at 40°C. The temperature of carbonation strongly affected the CaCO3 polymorphs and the morphological characteristics. Calcite with various shapes was the dominant (40-90%) phase at all temperatures. At temperatures below 40°C, spherical-shaped vaterite was pronounced, while needle-flower-shaped aragonite was dominant at temperatures above 80°C.
This study has two purposes. One is to identify generation differences in importance perception of productive ageing. Second is to find relationship between productive ageing and successful ageing. First, we developed 20 items to measure productive activities based on Caro, Bass, & Chen (1993)'s definition. Our items were divided into 4 factors; to do activities for life goals, to do activities for self career development, to do activities for family assistance, and to do volunteering activities. In our research, we found generation differences in importance perception of productive activities for successful ageing. In comparison with the elderly, younger people considered it more important to do activities for life goals, career development, and volunteering in their old age. Productive ageing scale of 20 items newly developed for this study was divided into 4 factors in our confirmatory factor analysis, and the reliability of 4 sub-scales was good. The importance perception of productive ageing was significantly related with subjective wellbeing and life meaning. Even after controlling personality such as extroversions, conscientiousness, and openness, it explained significantly subjective wellbeing and life meaning. Lastly, working elderly and non-working elderly were different in meaning perception about productive ageing. Working elderly considered it important to do activities for life goals.
This study analyzed the policy effect of the urban regeneration New Deal project on the industrial structure of local industrial cities. The Urban Regeneration New Deal Project is an urban regeneration policy that activates urban declining areas in terms of society, economy, and physics. Therefore, this study analyzes the impact of the urban regeneration New Deal project on the industrial diversity and industrial specialization of local industrial cities. To this end, the research subjects were composed of regions selected as special industrial response areas among local industrial cities, and the analysis unit was composed from 2015 to 2020. In addition, it was intended to increase research reliability through the propensity score matching, and difference-in-difference models were conducted to derive policy effects between regions where the project was put and regions where it was not. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that the urban regeneration New Deal project did not affect industrial diversification in local industrial cities and negatively affected industrial specialization in specific sectors. Based on the analysis results, this study suggests planning in connection with the industrial structure of the region and expanding the participation of the private sector as ways to improve urban regeneration policies.
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