Abstract-Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is one of the promising radio access techniques for performance enhancement in next-generation cellular communications. Compared to orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), which is a well-known high-capacity orthogonal multiple access (OMA) technique, NOMA offers a set of desirable benefits, including greater spectrum efficiency. There are different types of NOMA techniques, including power-domain and code-domain. This paper primarily focuses on power-domain NOMA that utilizes superposition coding (SC) at the transmitter and successive interference cancellation (SIC) at the receiver. Various researchers have demonstrated that NOMA can be used effectively to meet both network-level and user-experienced data rate requirements of fifth-generation (5G) technologies. From that perspective, this paper comprehensively surveys the recent progress of NOMA in 5G systems, reviewing the state-of-the-art capacity analysis, power allocation strategies, user fairness, and user-pairing schemes in NOMA. In addition, this paper discusses how NOMA performs when it is integrated with various proven wireless communications techniques, such as cooperative communications, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), beamforming, space-time coding, and network coding, among others. Furthermore, this paper discusses several important issues on NOMA implementation and provides some avenues for future research. I. INTRODUCTIONFrom analog phone calls through to all Internet Protocol services, including voice and messaging, each transition has been encouraged by the need to meet the requirements of the new generation of mobile technology. Subsequently, mobile communications technology is presently facing a new challenge, giving birth to a hyper-connected society through the emergence of fifth-generation (5G) services. With enormous potential for both consumers and industry, 5G is expected to roll out by 2020. From the next-generation radio access technology viewpoint, a step change in data speed and a significant reduction in end-to-end latency is a major concern for 5G, since the rapid development of the mobile Internet and the Internet of Things (IoT) exponentially accelerates the demand for high data-rate applications. In particular, many of the industry initiatives that have progressed with work on 5G declare that the network-level data rate in 5G should be 10-20 Gbps (that is, 10-20 times the peak data rate in 4G), and the user-experienced data rate should be 1 Gbps (100 times the user-experienced data rate in 4G). They also set the latency (end-to-end round-trip delay) at 1 millisecond (one-fifth of the latency in 4G).The underlying physical connection in a cellular network is called radio access technology, which is implemented by a radio access network (RAN). A RAN basically utilizes a channel access technique to provide the mobile terminals with a connection to the core network. The design of a suitable multiple access technique is one of the most important aspects in improvi...
The increasing use of wireless networks and the constant miniaturization of electrical devices has empowered the development of Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs). In these networks various sensors are attached on clothing or on the body or even implanted under the skin. The wireless nature of the network and the wide variety of sensors offer numerous new, practical and innovative applications to improve health care and the Quality of Life. The sensors of a WBAN measure for example the heartbeat, the body temperature or record a prolonged electrocardiogram. Using a WBAN, the patient experiences a greater physical mobility and is no longer compelled to stay in the hospital. This paper offers a survey of the concept of Wireless Body Area Networks. First, we focus on some applications with special interest in patient monitoring. Then the communication in a WBAN and its positioning between the different technologies is discussed. An overview of the current research on the physical layer, existing MAC and network protocols is given. Further, cross layer and quality of service is discussed. As WBANs are placed on the human body and often transport private data, security is also considered. An overview of current and past projects is given. Finally, the open research issues and challenges are pointed out.
Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN) has emerged as a key technology to provide real-time health monitoring of a patient and diagnose many life threatening diseases. WBAN operates in close vicinity to, on, or inside a human body and supports a variety of medical and non-medical applications. IEEE 802 has established a Task Group called IEEE 802.15.6 for the standardization of WBAN. The purpose of the group is to establish a communication standard optimized for low-power inbody/on-body nodes to serve a variety of medical and non-medical applications. This paper explains the most important features of the new IEEE 802.15.6 standard. The standard defines a Medium Access Control (MAC) layer supporting several Physical (PHY) layers. We briefly overview the PHY and MAC layers specifications together with the bandwidth efficiency of IEEE 802.15.6 standard. We also discuss the security paradigm of the standard.
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