View related articlesView Crossmark data Citing articles: 15 View citing articles
MITOGENOME ANNOUNCEMENTThe complete chloroplast genome of common camellia tree, Camellia japonica L.
Camellia japonica L. usually blooms red flower in winter in Jeju island, Korea, considered a species which should not be planted in the garden. Here, we completed chloroplast genome of C. japonica isolated in Seogwang-ri, Jeju island for comparing that isolated in Wimi-ri, Jeju island. Its length is 156,971 bp long and has four subregions: 86,673 bp of large single copy (LSC) and 18,394 bp of small single copy (SSC) regions are separated by 25,952 bp of inverted repeat (IR) regions including 135 genes (91 protein-coding genes, eight rRNAs, and 36 tRNAs). Its overall GC content is 37.3% and those in the LSC, SSC, and IR regions are 35.3%, 30.5%, and 43.0%, respectively. One insertion and one deletion are identified between chloroplast genomes of Soyeonpyeong island and Seogwang-ri, even though both places are far enough (>450 km). Twenty-five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are identified within two Jeju island chloroplast genomes, presenting that C. japonica tree in Wimi-ri is genetically far from the two chloroplast genomes. Trees also show that genetic diversity of C. japonica is lower than that of C. sinensis.
Identifying materials contributing to skin hydration, essential for normal skin homeostasis, has recently gained increased research interest. In this study, we investigated the potential benefits and mechanisms of action of Aspergillus oryzae-fermented wheat peptone (AFWP) on the proliferation and hydration of human skin keratinocytes, through in vitro experiments using HaCaT cell lines. The findings revealed that compared to unfermented wheat peptone, AFWP exhibited an improved amino acid composition, significantly (p < 0.05) higher DPPH scavenging capability and cell proliferation activity, and reduced lipopolysaccharide-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, we separated AFWP into eleven fractions, each ≤2 kDa; of these, fraction 4 (AFW4) demonstrated the highest efficacy in the cell proliferation assay and was found to be the key component responsible for the cell proliferation potential and antioxidant properties of AFWP. Additionally, AFW4 increased the expression of genes encoding natural moisturizing factors, including filaggrin, transglutaminase-1, and hyaluronic acid synthase 1–3. Furthermore, AFW4 activated p44/42 MAPK, but not JNK and p38 MAPK, whereas PD98059, a p44/42 MAPK inhibitor, attenuated the beneficial effects of AFW4 on the skin, suggesting that the effects of AFW4 are mediated via p44/42 MAPK activation. Finally, in clinical studies, AFW4 treatment resulted in increased skin hydration and reduced trans-epidermal water loss compared with a placebo group. Collectively, these data provide evidence that AFW4 could be used as a potential therapeutic agent to improve skin barrier damage induced by external stresses.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.