Deoxidation equilibria in high-Mn-and high-Al-alloyed liquid steels were studied over the entire Fe-Mn-Al composition range by both experiments and thermodynamic modeling. Effect of Mn on the Al deoxidation equilibria in liquid iron was measured by the different experimental techniques depending on the Al content. In order to confirm the reproducibility of the experimental results, the deoxidation experiments were carried out reversibly from high oxygen state by addition of Al as a deoxidizer, and from low oxygen state by addition of Fe 2 O 3 or MnO as an oxygen source. For the Al-rich side, CaO flux was added on top of liquid iron in order to remove suspended Al 2 O 3 inclusions in the melt. Based on the present experimental result and available critically evaluated literature data, the Al deoxidation equilibria in Fe-Mn-Al-O liquid alloy were thermodynamically modeled. The Modified Quasichemical Model was used in order to take into account a strong short-range ordering of atoms in molten state. Deoxidation equilibria and inclusion stability diagram for entire Fe-Mn-Al melt were successfully reproduced by the present model.
The effect of silicon on TiN formation in liquid iron was studied by measuring the nitrogen solubility and TiN solubility product in liquid Fe-Ti alloys with silicon additions under various nitrogen partial pressures in the temperature range of 1 823-1 923 K. The first-and second order interaction parameters of silicon on titanium, e Ti Si and r Ti Si were determined as − 0.038 and 0, respectively, and the second-order crossproduct parameter of titanium and silicon on nitrogen in liquid iron, r N Ti,Si was determined as 0. Temperature dependence of these parameters were negligible.
Thermodynamic interaction between chromium and sulfur in liquid iron was studied using the slag/ metal equilibration technique to measure the effect of chromium on the equilibrium sulfur distribution between the slag and carbon saturated Fe-Cr-S alloys containing chromium up to 30 mass% in the temperature range from 1 823 K to 1 923 K. The sulfide capacity of the CaO-Al2O3 slag was separately determined using carbon saturated liquid Fe-S alloys under CO atmosphere as a function of temperature. The sulfur distribution decreases with chromium content and increases with melt temperature significantly. The specific effect of chromium on the activity coefficient of sulfur in liquid Fe-Csat.-Cr-S alloys was determined by considering the effect of carbon on sulfur at carbon saturation. The interaction parameters determined in the present study were compared with the previous data determined by the gas-metal equilibration technique using a H2S-H2 gas mixture.
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