The aim of this study was to explore the keywords related to smart city concepts, and to understand their flow. This research used a keyword network analysis by collecting keywords from papers published on the web from Scopus, which is an international scholarly papers engine. The data were collected from before and after 2016, and since the amount of data has been growing rapidly after global agreements such as the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015, we attempted to focus on adjacent years of publication. In order to understand the flow of research, we conducted a central analysis, which is widely used in quantitative research relating to social network analysis, and performed cluster analysis to identify relationships with related research. The results of the analysis are represented in the form of network maps, and the role of each keyword was clarified based on these network maps. In addition, the overall flow explained the change of flow through discarded and emerging keywords, and the relationships with related fields were explained through cluster analysis. The findings could serve as a basis for policymakers, urban managers, and researchers seeking a comprehensive understanding of the smart city concept in urban planning areas.Sustainability 2019, 11, 3155 2 of 25 adaption to environmental issues such as climate change and global warming, and efficiently utilizing and managing energy. In addition, Information and Communication Technologies (hereafter ICT) will extensively and effectively help cities achieve a comparative edge [4,8,9], and be used as the tools and means to develop Intelligent Transport Systems (hereafter ITS) with mobility information and the Internet of Things (hereafter IoT) [10][11][12], as well as to achieve urban policy making based on governance and open data [13][14][15]. Accordingly, in improving the urban quality of future urban areas, the term smart city is considered as an umbrella concept that includes various sub-concepts such as sustainable smart environments, smart technology, smart energy, smart transportation, smart mobility, and smart government [16][17][18][19][20][21].

The aim of this study was to better identify the information generated by citizens and to explore the regional social phenomenon whereby higher quality urban services focused on understanding regional issues are promoted. Citizens voluntarily and continuously communicate with local government both online and offline. We wanted to determine how civic information can be applied to urban planning. We selected Shiheung City, Republic of Korea, as our study area, as the city is formed of various types of land use: industrial areas, agricultural land, and residential areas. This area is facing developmental pressure with released development-restricted areas, and has been environmentally damaged by industrial complexes. We conducted a semantic network analysis of the top 10% most commonly used nouns in civil complaints to determine the keywords. Each thematic map we created was based on geographical information to explain the temporary, continuous, and chronic issues. The chronic problems were discussed in relation to the regional development process. The process of identifying and analyzing local issues by analyzing information voluntarily provided by citizens plays an important role in government-led urban management planning and policy formation and can contribute to decision making in the development of future urban policies.

To improve the shelf-life of mushrooms, Lentinula edodes GNA01 mushrooms were treated with gel packs containing slow-released chlorine dioxide (ClO 2 ) gas at 5~10 ppm for 5 days at 20℃ and the weight loss rate as well as the changes in pH, color and texture properties of the treated samples were investigated. The weight of the control and ClO 2 gas treated samples were decreased slightly, and there were no differences during the storage period. However, the weight of the control changed faster than those of the ClO 2 gas treated samples during storage period. The pH in the control and in the ClO 2 gas treated samples were decreased during storage period, but the samples treated with 5 and 7 ppm ClO 2 gas were the least changed. On the other hand, the samples treated with 10 ppm ClO 2 gas showed no difference from the other treatments during 4 days, but the pH was lower than that of the control on the fifth day. The lightness of inside and outside in mushroom were decreased whereas redness and yellowness were increased during storage period. However, color changes in the ClO 2 gas treated samples were lower than those of the control. Especially, the samples treated with 5 and 7 ppm ClO 2 gas were the least changed. The texture of the mushroom were decreased consistently during storage period. The texture of the control changed faster than those of the ClO 2 gas treatments during 5 days. Especially, the samples treated 5 ppm ClO 2 gas were the least changed.Key words: slow-release preparation, chlorine dioxide gas, Lentinula edodes GNA01, mushroom, gel pack, physicochemical property †

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The biosphere reserves (BRs) of the UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB) aim at the successful coexistence of humans and nature. The existing BRs have worked with local people to create culture landscapes and conserve natural resources. The ideal BR models for areas undergoing climate change are cities within nature, and the areas that can be designated as BRs have natural and cultural landscapes. BRs comprise three areas, the core, buffer, and transition, in order to efficiently perform three functions, which are conservation, development, and logistical support. A transition area is where people earn an income from local businesses while effectively preserving their natural surroundings. When this area has a role in meeting the communal goals of residents by providing local resources and landscapes, it is appropriately managed and maintained. In addition, local products produced in BRs, which UNESCO believes are generated in excellent ecosystems, can be sold under the BR brand, contributing to residents' incomes and local image. The Baekdudaegan mountain range (BDDG) is traditionally cherished as a symbol of the Korean peninsula and has enormous scientific value as an ecological repository. Additionally, the BDDG is considered a unique geographical recognition system referred to as sanjabunsuryung by the local area districts where Korean people have lived following a unique religious and historical culture. This study categorized types of transition areas in targeted areas with high potential for designation as a BR based on geographical characteristics. The developed index was supported by the Analytical Hierarchy Process method proposed by experts, and zoning of the BR was performed. Among the areas of the BR, the transition area was the focus of this study. This area was classified into three types, which were then subdivided. The watershed types were self-managed, neighborhood, and cooperative; the resident types were urban, relatively rural, and rural; and the local resources types were naturalscenery and historical-cultural. A management plan is suggested regarding administrative districts, an urban BR, and relationships to other protected areas in the BDDG. In conclusion, the transition area of the BR was recognized as urban via the categorization process, and management of the BDDG should take a long-term approach.