The skin biophysical parameters are different between the forehead and cheek among Southeast Asian females. It also reveals that the biophysical parameters are different in same racial group.

No abstract

No abstract

α-Fe 2 O 3 submicron spheres with different internal structures were prepared as anode materials for lithium ion batteries (LIBs). Using sulfonated polystyrene (SPS) microspheres as a template, we designed a hollow and macroporous α-Fe 2 O 3 particle structure. The sulfonation degree of polystyrene (SPS) microspheres was controlled by sulfonation reaction time in the range of 24−36 h. After introducing Fe metal precursors by adsorption of ferrous ions into the SPS particles and adding a reduction agent, α-Fe 2 O 3 submicron spheres with hollow and macroporous structures were obtained by heat treatment in an air atmosphere. The internal structure of particles was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The electrochemical properties of the hollow and macroporous α-Fe 2 O 3 composite electrodes were investigated by galvanostatic cycling at both constant and variable current rates. The α-Fe 2 O 3 submicron spheres with hollow and macroporous structures exhibited excellent cyclability and rate capability. Electrical impedance spectroscopy was employed to prove the structural effects on the cell performances.

This study presents a new approach that can stabilize effectively l‐ascorbic acid in water‐in‐oil‐in‐water (w/o/w) double emulsions. Basically, the behavior of l‐ascorbic acid in the aqueous phase was observed, considering its molecular deformation. Then, it was found that the stability determined in the aqueous phase by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed that the collapse of ionization of l‐ascorbic acid played a crucial role in protecting the molecular deformation. Then, the stable aqueous system was incorporated into the internal aqueous phase of the double emulsions. From the PLC analysis, it was observed that the l‐ascorbic acid in an appropriate system showed high molecular stability for a long time. Moreover, in the measurement of in vitro skin permeation, the l‐ascorbic acid stabilized in this study showed considerable skin permeation ability, indicating its potential applicability in pharmaceutics and cosmetics.