Purpose: To compare the clinical outcomes of sutured scleral and sutureless intrascleral fixations of the intraocular lens. Methods: Medical records of patients who underwent sutureless intrascleral fixation (sutureless group) and the conventional sutured scleral fixation (sutured group) were retrospectively reviewed. Patient demographics and the clinical outcomes of the two techniques were compared before and 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery. Results: Seventy patients were followed up for 6 months after the surgery: 25 patients in the sutureless group (25 eyes) and 45 in the sutured group (45 eyes). Surgery time was shorter in the sutureless group than that in the sutured group (73.00 ± 15.68 vs. 107.39 ± 25.30 minutes, P < 0.001). The visual acuity gradually improved throughout the postoperative period in both groups, and a faster visual acuity recovery was observed in the sutureless group. The cylindrical error at 6 months after the surgery was significantly lower in the sutureless group than that in the sutured group (−1.33 ± 0.55 vs. −2.29 ± 1.19 diopter, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Sutureless intrascleral fixation is an effective and reliable surgical technique that provides more favorable visual and refractive outcomes than the conventional sutured scleral fixation method.

Recently, hybrid stochastic and local volatility models have become an industry standard for the pricing of derivatives and other problems in finance. In this study, we use a multiscale stochastic volatility model incorporated by the constant elasticity of variance to understand the price structure of continuous arithmetic average Asian options. The multiscale partial differential equation for the option price is approximated by a couple of single scale partial differential equations. In terms of the elasticity parameter governing the leverage effect, a correction to the stochastic volatility model is made for more efficient pricing and hedging of Asian options.

Purpose:To study the treatment outcomes in patients who were administered multiple intravitreal ganciclovir injections more than 10 times alone without systemic anti-cytomegalovirus therapy for cytomegalovirus retinitis. Case summary: A 64-year-old man who underwent immunosuppressive therapy after thymectomy due to an invasive thymoma and pure red-cell aplasia, a 60-year-old woman who underwent chemotherapy after diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, a 49-year-old man with a history of bone marrow transplantation due to acute myeloid leukemia, a 29-year-old woman with dermatomyositis treated with oral steroids and cyclosporine, and a 47-year-old woman who received intravitreal dexamethasone implant injections, intravitreal and subtenon steroid injections due to Behcet's disease were diagnosed with cytomegalovirus retinitis. All patients showed systemic complications such as pancytopenia after systemic anti-cytomegalovirus therapy, and therefore, they were administered multiple intravitreal ganciclovir injections alone. Best-corrected visual acuities improved in all patients, except in one case, where viral lesions were observed in the fovea. Retinal hemorrhaging and infiltrative lesions decreased in all patients. No severe complication was observed during the injection and in the follow-up period. Conclusions: Multiple intravitreal ganciclovir injections alone can be used as a treatment modality for cytomegalovirus retinitis to avoid the systemic side effects of systemic anti-cytomegalovirus therapy. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2016;57(2):316-323

Purpose: To investigate the influence of intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering eye drops on myopic retinoschisis. Methods: We investigated myopic retinoschisis patients with high myopia (defined as a myopic refractive error more than -8.0 diopters or an axial length longer than 26.5 mm), who were suspected of having glaucomatous optic neuropathy, using IOP-lowering eye drops between April 2014 and December 2018. We retrospectively analyzed the changes in optical coherence tomography findings after 6 months using IOP-lowering eye drops. The progression of retinoschisis was assessed by analyzing retinal volume changes. A decrease in the total retina volume and a decrease in volume more than 10% in one section out of five without more than a 10% volume increase in any other section was defined as resolution of myopic retinoschisis. The opposite case was defined as an aggravation. Results: We analyzed 17 eyes of 15 patients with high myopia. Six of 17 eyes (35.3%) showed a resolution of myopic retinoschisis at 6 months after using IOP-lowering eye drops. Of the 17 eyes, two (11.8%) experienced progression of myopic retinoschisis. Seven out of 14 eyes (50.0%) who were followed-up over 1 year showed resolution of myopic retinoschisis, and two eyes (14.3%) experienced progression of myopic retinoschisis. There was no macular hole development or posterior vitreous detachment during the follow-up period in the seven eyes, and there was no significant correlation between the absolute value of the initial IOP, axial length, IOP change, and degree of improvement of myopic retinoschisis. Conclusions: The use of IOP-lowering eye drops on highly myopic eyes with retinoschisis showed a significant improvement of myopic retinoschisis, when compared to previous studies. These findings suggest the possibility of IOP-lowering eye drops delaying or improving the natural course of myopic retinoschisis.

Purpose: To observe changes in the papillomacular nerve fiber bundle (PMB) after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) in patients with idiopathic epiretinal membrane (iERM) and to compare the surgical outcomes of PPV with and without air tamponade. Methods: From 2015 to 2017, medical records were retrospectively analyzed for patients who had received at least one year of follow-up after vitrectomy with iERM. Results: A total of 89 patients with 89 eyes were included in the study. In both groups (group with and without air tamponade) the mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) after surgery improved significantly from 3 months to 1 year after surgery compared with preoperatively. The thickness of the PMB tended to increase gradually a month post-surgery; however, it showed a decline 3-months and 1-year post-operatively. The PMB thickness significantly increased until 6 months after surgery compared with the thickness of the opposite eye, but gradually decreased, and there was no significant difference at 1 year after surgery. There was no significant correlation between the thickness of the PMB and BCVA at 1 year postoperative. No difference between BCVA and PMB thickness was noted between the two groups at any point before or after the surgery. Conclusions: After vitrectomy in patients with iERM, PMB thickness increased temporarily and subsequently decreased, showing a significant difference at 3-months and 1-year post-surgery. However, PMB thickness did not show a significant difference compared with that of the opposite eye. BCVA improved significantly compared to its preoperative status, but there was no significant correlation between PMB thickness and BCVA 1-year postoperatively. Air tamponade did not significantly affect changes in visual acuity and PMB thickness during the 1 year postoperatively.