Background Since reconstruction after laparoscopyassisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) is performed through a small minilaparotomy window, the clinical course and complication rate are influenced by clinical technical expertise and experience. The aim of this study was to compare postoperative complications and survival rates of Billroth I and Billroth II reconstructions after LADG. Patients and methods We retrospectively collected data from 1,259 patients who underwent LADG performed by ten surgeons at ten hospitals between April 1998 and December 2005. Patients were classified into two groups according to reconstruction method used: the Billroth I group (n = 875) and the Billroth II group (n = 384). Patient and tumor characteristics, operative details, and postoperative complications were analyzed.Results Billroth II reconstruction was performed on obese patients (p = 0.003) and patients with more advanced tumors (p \ 0.001). Billroth I reconstruction was performed more frequently in the lower portion of the stomach (p \ 0.001) and yielded shorter operating times. The postoperative complication rate was 11.4% in the Billroth I group, which was lower than that in the Billroth II group (16.9%) (p = 0.011). However, the differences in the major complication rates were not statistically significant (p = 0.263). Of the intra-abdominal complications, intraluminal or intraperitoneal bleeding was the most frequent complication in the Billroth I group and duodenal stump leakage was the most frequent in the Billroth II group. The postoperative mortality rate did not show a statistically significant difference.