The application of basic ionic liquid gels (BILGs) as recyclable promoters of hydrogen borrowing chemistry was investigated. The hydrogen transfer initiated dehydration of 1,3-propanediol to propanal was catalysed by a [Cp*IrCl2(NHC)] complex promoted by BILGs containing [P6,6,6,14][OH]. Gels comprising a mixture of basic and hydrophobic ionic liquids gave the best results. The reaction proceeded in the ionic liquid [C2mmim][NTf2] enabling the continuous removal of propanal under reduced pressure. Tuning of the composition of the BILG led to a catalytic system that exhibited excellent conversion, selectivity and good recyclability.
We describe the autocatalytic synthesis of SiO 2 and TiO 2 ionic liquid gels using a basic ionic liquid as the solvent, template, and catalyst for the sol−gel reaction. Basic gels were synthesized using a two-component mixture of the basic ionic liquid [P 66614 ][OH] and either tetraethylorthosilicate or titanium isopropoxide (Ti(OiPr) 4 ). The gels formed were clear glassy materials. The unstable basic ionic liquid was stabilized by the matrix and showed both increased thermal stability (by thermogravimetric analysis) and chemical stability (by solid-state NMR) after over 1 year of storage.
Utilizing crude waste glycerol in the bio refinery: glycerol gels for in situ substrate delivery to whole cell biocatalysts. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering.
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