This study aimed at evaluating the visible light mediated antimicrobial and osteogenic applications of noble metal, such as gold (Au) and platinum (Pt) coated titania (TiO2) nanotubes (NTs). In this study, the Au and Pt nanoparticles (NPs) were deposited on anodized 100 nm TiO2 NTs by ion plasma sputtering. The Au and Pt NPs were mainly deposited on the top surface layer of TiO2 NTs and showed light absorbance peaks around the 470 and 600 nm visible light region used in this study, as seen from the surface characterization. From the results of antibacterial activity test, Au and Pt NPs that were deposited on TiO2 NTs showed excellent antibacterial activity under 470 nm visible light irradiation due to the plasmonic photocatalysis based on the localized surface plasmon resonance effect of the Au and Pt NPs. In addition, alkaline phosphate activity test and quantitative real-time PCR assay of osteogenic related genes resulted that these NPs promoted the osteogenic functionality of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) under 600 nm visible light irradiation, because of the synergic effect of the photothermal scattering of noble metal nanoparticles and visible light low-level laser therapy (LLLT). Therefore, the combination of noble metal coated TiO2 NTs and visible light irradiation would be expected to perform permanent antibacterial activity without the need of an antibacterial agent besides promoting osteogenic functionality.
The visible light reactions of noble metal-based photocatalysts have been increasingly utilized to investigate their antibacterial activities. Furthermore, the photoreactions at various visible light wavelengths for specific combinations of titania nanotubes and noble metal nanoparticles have been found to promote osteogenic functionality. In this investigation, a novel multi-coating combination of noble metals (gold and platinum) on titania nanotubes was assessed using plasmonic photocatalysis and low-level laser therapy at 470 and 600 nm. The results showed that this coating on the nanotubes promoted antibacterial activity and osteogenic functionality. The order in which the gold and platinum coatings were layered onto the titania nanotubes strongly affected the osteogenic performance of the human mesenchymal stem cells. These results have identified a new approach for the development of efficient novel combinations of noble metal nanoparticles and titania nanotubes with visible light responses, sustainable antimicrobial activity, and osteogenic functionality.
The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of traditional and block schedules on the academic achievement of high school students with and without disabilities. Achievement data were collected from the cumulative records and Individual Education Plans of 160 students with disabilities and the cumulative records of 460 students without disabilities. Achievement was measured by students' GPA; state-mandated tests in reading language, math, science, and social studies; and college entrance ACT Results showed no difference on all comparisons between students with disabilities attending block-scheduled high schools and students with disabilities attending traditional-scheduled high schools. Similar results were found for students without disabilities. Teachers on both schedules reported high levels of satisfaction and comparable amounts of time on instructional activities.
The infection control of implants is one of the hot issues in the field of
medicine and dentistry. In this study, we prepared gold nanorod–sputtered
titania nanotubes on titanium surface, which is the main component of implant
material, and aimed to estimate the remote-controlled tetracycline release and
resulting antibacterial effects of gold nanorod–sputtered titania nanotubes
using near-infrared laser irradiation. Gold nanorods prepared by ion plasma
sputtering (aspect ratio = 1:3) showed optical properties like those of
chemically synthesized gold nanorods, exhibiting photothermal effects in the
near-infrared region, as demonstrated using field-emission scanning electron
microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and diffuse
ultraviolet–visible–near-infrared spectrophotometry. In addition, a 2 wt%
tetracycline/polycaprolactone mixture was found to be the most suitable
experimental group to demonstrate the biological compatibilities and
antibacterial activities. The results of antibacterial agar diffusion tests and
near-infrared-mediated tetracycline release tests in vivo confirmed that
remote-controlled tetracycline elution using near-infrared laser irradiation was
highly effective. Therefore, gold nanorod–sputtered titania nanotubes would be
expected to enable the continued use of the photothermal therapy of gold
nanorods and extend the limited use of titania showing photocatalytic activity
only within the ultraviolet-to-near-infrared region.
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