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This study examined the degree to which integrated marketing communication(IMC) might be manifested in South Korean television advertising. Using a framework by Nowak and Phelps(1994), this study investigated the degree of IMC utilization by service organizations and physical goods manufacturers at the advertisement level. The Result showed that 44.6% of the television ads were classified as integrated marketing communication according to criteria discussed by Nowak and Phelps(1994). More specifically, approximately 90.7% of the integrated ads achieved this status by using two communication tools of different orientations. In addition, the most common form of IMC at this lowest level consisted of an image-oriented(brand advertising) and a behavior-oriented(direct response) communication tool. The second common form of IMC, that is, 9.3%, used three different communication tools; they consisted of an image-oriented tool(brand advertising) and the two behavior-oriented(i.e., direct response and sales promotion) communication tools. Nothing of the magazine ads used all four tools. Thus, South Korean television ads exhibited higher degrees of IMC which tended to include more behavior-oriented communication tools than image-oriented communication tools. These results indicate that much higher chances for advertisers to expand the level of IMC will be existed. Furthermore, the results suggest that significantly higher as well as a wider variety of communication tools are being used by advertisers, considering the limit of samples investigated in this research.

The effect of integrated marketing communications (IMC) has not received sufficient attention in the e-commerce context. The objective of this research was to examine the effects of customer orientation and technology orientation on IMC and relational performance (i.e., trust, commitment, loyalty). Methods: Three hundred valid responses were obtained via questionnaire from e-commerce shoppers (e.g., Amazon, Rakuten, and Yahoo Shopping) in Japan. The partial least squares structural equation modeling procedure was utilized to examine the measurement models and test the research hypotheses. Results: IMC antecedents of strategic orientations, such as customer orientation and technology orientation, were found to positively influence IMC consistency. Technology orientation was found to exert a more significant role in the development of IMC consistency than customer orientation. In addition, all three factors of relational performance were found to be affected by IMC consistency, with the most significant impact found for brand trust. This study found that customer attitudes towards brand trust and commitment mediated the relationship between IMC and brand loyalty. Conclusions: These findings suggest that marketing managers responsible for e-commerce brand promotion and other branding activities need to evaluate the relative contributions of IMC antecedents of strategic orientations. Furthermore, if consumers perceive a consistent message and image of e-commerce brands, they are more likely to learn more about them, develop positive feelings, and actively promote them to others. To improve brand loyalty, the establishment of brand trust and commitment appears to be crucial.

The study of security personnel and psychological empowerment and organizational commitment to investigate the relationship between prosocial behavior in 2011 in Seoul, served in the private security companies after being selected as a security guard purposive sampling method using a 300 extracted samples, but the number of cases used in the study a total of 282 people. This study SPSSWIN 18.0 using factor analysis, reliability analysis, multiple regression analysis, path analysis, the following conclusions were obtained. First, psychological empowerment on organizational commitment affects. In other words, self-determination, job performance, impact, meaning a higher level of calculation ever higher levels of commitment and affective commitment. Second, the psychological empowerment influences prosocial behavior. In other words, self-determination, meaningfulness, influence job performance higher level of customer service and increases coordination Third, organizational commitment affects the prosocial behavior. In other words, the calculation ever commitment, emotional commitment, the higher the customer service, increases the level of coordination. Fourth, psychological empowerment and organizational commitment prosocial behavior direct and indirect impacts.■ keyword :|Security|Security Practician|Empowerment|Organizational Commitment|Prosocial Behavior|