Effective surface immobilization is a prerequisite for numerous carbohydrate-related studies including carbohydrate-biomolecule interactions. In the present work, we report a simple and rapid modification technique for diverse carbohydrate types in which direct oriented immobilization onto a gold surface is accomplished by coupling the amine group of a thiol group-bearing aminophenyl disulfide as a new coupling reagent with an aldehyde group of the terminal reducing sugar in the carbohydrate. To demonstrate the generality of this proposed reductive amination method, we examined its use for three types of carbohydrates: glucose (monosaccharide), lactose (disaccharide), and GM1 pentasaccharide. Through successful mass identifications of the modified carbohydrates, direct binding assays on gold surface using surface plasmon resonance and electrochemical methods, and a terminal galactose-binding lectin assay using atomic force microscopy, we confirmed several advantages including direct and rapid one-step immobilization onto a gold surface and exposure of functional carbohydrate moieties through oriented modification of the terminal reducing sugar. Therefore, this facile modification and immobilization method can be successfully used for diverse biomimetic studies of carbohydrates, including carbohydrate-biomolecule interactions and carbohydrate sensor or array development for diagnosis and screening.
Nano-materials and devices designed by programmed self-organization processes are presented in a realistic style. The concept of programmed self-organization is the accumulation of elemental self-assembling steps with the control of time, space, and geometry by sequential procedures, fusion of top-down and bottom up processes, and multi-dimensional crystal growth, respectively. Molecule-incorporated DNA was formed by specific molecular recognition through the use of triple hydrogen bonding. For the construction of network-based molecular-scale devices, we developed the DNA-templated arrangement of Au-nanoparticles and top-contact electrode using nano-transfer printing. We also found that self-organized positioning of functional lipid vesicles on nano-well electrodes is useful for electrochemical bio-sensing.
テムがある。ポルフィリンと呼ばれる色素分子群は量子
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