Gd 2 O 3 : Eu 3+ and Li-doped Gd2O3:Eu3+ luminescent thin films have been grown on Al2O3 (0001) substrates using pulsed-laser deposition. The films grown under different deposition conditions show different microstructural and luminescent characteristics. Both cubic and monoclinic crystalline structures were observed in Gd2O3:Eu3+ films, but only the cubic crystalline structure was observed for Li-doped Gd2O3:Eu3+ films grown under certain condition. The photoluminescence (PL) brightness data obtained from Li-doped Gd2O3:Eu3+ films indicate that sapphire is a promising substrate for growth of high-quality Li-doped Gd2O3:Eu3+ thin-film red phosphor. In particular, incorporation of Li+ ions into the Gd2O3 lattice can induce a remarkable increase of PL. The highest emission intensity was observed with LiF-doped Gd1.84Li0.08Eu0.08O3, whose brightness was a factor of 2.3 larger than that from Gd2O3:Eu3+ films. This phosphor is promising for applications in flat-panel displays.

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We report a pitch invariance in cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) independent of temperature by mixing two chiral dopants. One dopant tends to shorten the helical pitch of the CLC, but the other makes the pitch longer, with increasing temperatures. From an analysis of temperature dependencies of the pitch for each dopant, we determined the mixing ratio of two chiral dopants for the pitch invariance. Finally, we obtained the pitch-invariant CLCs to temperature and the helical twisting power of the mixed dopant was estimated.

Non-invasive partial cortical ramal bone harvesting is a reproducible and predictable technique for preventing nerve damage while providing sufficient block bone needed for a dental implant.

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