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Objective: Prevotella bivia is one of the anaerobic bacteria that resides in the flora of the female genital tract. We studied the pathogenicity of P. bivia in a rat pyometra model.Methods: The experimental animal (rat) model of pyometra was developed to investigate the pathogenicity of P. bivia in a rat pyometra model.Results: In the groups inoculated with aerobes alone, the infection rate was 10% (1/10) in the Staphylococcus aureus-or Staphylococcus agalactiae -inoculated group and 20% (2/10) in the Escherichia coli-inoculated group. Infection Was not established in the groups inoculated with anaerobes alone. High infection rates were observed in all the mixed-infection groups. In the S. agalactiae-and Bacteroides fragilis-, S. agalactiae-and P. bivia -, E. coli-and B. fragilis-, and E. coli-and P. biviainoculated groups, an infection rate of 100% (10/10) was demonstrated. The efficacy of antibiotics such as flomoxef (FMOX) could be determined using a rat pyometra model. In relation to the alteration of vaginal microbial flora during the menstrual cycle, estrogen increased the growth of P. was determined in the association of mixed infection with aerobic bacteria. The adequacy of a rat pyometra model was evaluated for the administration of efficacy of antibiotics. Since P. bivia is predominantly isolated in the vaginal cavity during the follicular phase, the growth of P. bivia might be associated with sex steroid hormones, especially estrogen and progesterone. Additionally, the effects of estrogen and progesterone on the growth of P. bivia were studied using this model.

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One hundred symptomatic women with clinical bacterial vaginosis (BV) were enrolled in this study. The bacteriological epidemiology of BV and efficacy of oral or vaginal administration of antimicrobial agents for treatment of BV were investigated. The epidemiology of BV was investigated before antimicrobial therapy. Fifty patients were treated with oral administration of metronidazole (MTN), 500 mg twice a day, and 50 patients with 2% clindamycin (CLDM) phosphate in a vaginal cream, 5 g once a day for 7 days. The major organisms occurring were Streptococcus agalactiae, Escherichia coli, Gardnerella vaginalis, Peptostreptococcus species, Bacteroides species, Prevotella species, and Mobiluncus species and opportunistic pathogens such as Staphylococcus epidermidis and Enterococcus faecalis. The therapeutic efficacy of CLDM cream on BV appeared to be preferable to oral MTN from clinical and bacteriological aspects. The clinical and bacteriological effectiveness of MTN and CLDM in the treatment of BV suggests that anaerobes might play a major role in causing the clinical symptoms in patients with BV.