The central part of the title centrosymmetric dinuclear complex, [Zn2(C7H5O2)4(C9H12N2)2], has a paddle-wheel conformation with four benzoate ligands bridging two symmetry-related ZnII ions. The distorted square-pyramidal coordination environment around the ZnII ion is completed by an N atom from a 4-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pyridine ligand. The Zn⋯Zn separation of 2.9826 (12) Å does not represent a formal direct metal–metal bond. The ZnII ion is displaced by 0.381 (1) Å from the mean plane of the four basal O atoms. Two of the C atoms of the pyrrolidine ring are disordered over two sites with refined occupancies of 0.53 (2) and 0.47 (2).
Effects of seawater spray on leaf structure were investigated in Quercus acutissima by electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis. Two-year-old seedlings of Q. acutissima were sprayed with seawater and kept in a greenhouse maintained at 25°C. The most recognizable symptoms of seawater-sprayed seedlings included leaf necrosis, crystal deposition, stomatal clogging, and chloroplast degeneration. Field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed that the leaf surface was covered with additional layers of remnants of seawater spray. Composed of sodium and chloride, cube-shaped crystals (halite) were prevalently found on trichomes and epidermis, and formed aggregates. Meanwhile, wedge-shaped crystals were deposited on epidermis and consisted of calcium and sulfur. As a result of stomatal clogging by crystal deposition on the abaxial surface, it was conceivable that plant respiration became severely hampered. Transmission electron microscopy showed degenerated cytoplasm of seawater-sprayed leaves. It was common to observe severe plasmolysis and disrupted chloroplasts with a reduced number of thylakoids in grana. These results indicate that foliar applications of seawater were sufficient to induce necrosis of Q. acutissima seedlings as an abiotic disturbance factor.
For the period between 1991 and 2009, the annual average of 448 forest fires occurred in Korea. Above all, approximately 94% of the total fires frequently occurred
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