BACKGROUND: It is known that an increased intake of copper (Cu) has an adverse effect, and above all leads to the defeat of parenchymal organs, including liver tissue. AIM: This study the morphological changes in the hepatic tissue at the impact of polymetallic Cu dust. METHODS: An experimental study was carried out on the outbred white male rats. Dust was injected once intratracheally at a dose of 50 mg. For dynamic observation, the animals were killed in 1, 3, and 6 months with the control group using instant decapitation. The Balkhash industrial polymetallic dust with a predominant Cu content (Cu-0.6%) was used for the study. Morphological changes were assessed using histological and morphometric methods. RESULTS: Morphometric examination of liver tissue at 30 days showed Vv necrosis increasing in 320 times in Group 2 (p < 0.001), Vv infiltrates – in 121 times (p < 0.001), Vv dystrophic altered hepatocytes – in 19.91 times (p < 0.001), Vv dual-core cells – in 23 times (p < 0.01), and Vv fibrosis – in 2.82 times (p < 0.001) in comparison with Group 1. Vv portal tracts are not reliably changed. In 90 days, there were also the following morphometric parameters increasing in comparison with the control group: Vv necrosis – in 522 times (p < 0.001), Vv infiltrates – in 395 times (p < 0.001), Vv dystrophic altered hepatocytes – in 26.7 times (p < 0.001), Vv dual-core cells – in 314 times (p < 0.01), and Vv fibrosis – in 13.27 times (p < 0.001). On the 180 day of the experiment, there was the increasing of Vv infiltrates in 421 times (p < 0.001), Vv dystrophic altered hepatocytes – in 34.09 times (p < 0.001), Vv dual-core cells – in 411 times (p < 0.001), and Vv fibrosis – in 54.09 times (p < 0.001) CONCLUSION: The impact of polymetallic dust with 0.6% Cu concentration at the early stages leads to the changes in the liver in the form of reactive hepatitis with the following transformation into portal-type hepatitis.
BACKGROUND: Malnutrition is an important risk factor for the development of many diseases. Medical examinations reveal that 80–85% of students have health disorders. The incidence of sickness among students has increased by 35% over the past 10 years, which is due to the malnutrition of students of higher educational institutions. AIM: The objective of the study was to study the peculiarities and socio-organizational aspects of students’ nutritional consumer preferences. MATERIALS AND RESEARCH METHODS: The assessment of the characteristics of students’ eating behavior was carried out on the base of the questionnaire survey data among students (n = 333) at the age of 18–24 years. Data were presented as arithmetic mean and standard deviation (M ± SD). The distribution normality was determined by the Kolmogorov – Smirnov test. The Mann – Whitney test was used to compare the groups (p < 0.05). RESULTS: About 77% of students save money on food. Only about 22% of students receive the desired food, 64% of men have to save money on food, while the share of women was 78%. 67% of the surveyed group regularly and at least 1–2 times a week visit catering establishments. Assessed by type of food service, 24% of students gave their marks to a fast-food establishment, while only 12% of students gave marks to a traditional canteen. Men consume fast food per day 1.6 times more than women. The relationship between material well-being and nutritional quality was analyzed (r = 0.72). Evaluation of nutritional status showed that 25% of girls and 17% of boys were underweight, overweight and obesity – in 10 and 18% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: More than 50% of the participants do not have an idea of a rational and balanced diet; do not have the skills of preliminary planning and organization of meals. Therefore, we propose to improve the organizational and economic mechanisms of the public catering system of universities to solve the problem of nutrition improving in students.
New coronavirus infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), as well as pneumonia with signs of coronavirus infection, continues to spread around the world, but the epidemiological situation is not the same in different countries. The aim of the study: to analyze the epidemiological situation of coronavirus infection and pneumonia with signs of coronavirus infection in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Material and methods of the research: retrospective epidemiological analysis of the incidence of coronavirus infection and pneumonia with signs of coronavirus infection in the republic according to official statistical reporting, as well as a statistical analysis of discharge records of patients diagnosed with coronavirus infection (no virus identified) in a small town of Karaganda region was carried out. Results: An increase in cases, sick persons, recovered persons and lethal cases in population with positive PCR for COVID-19, as well as pneumonia with signs of coronavirus infection in the Republic of Kazakhstan was registered for the period from 08/01/2020 to 12/31/2021. The number of cases of coronavirus increased in 10.93 time, those who recovered – in 15.78 times, deaths – in 16.4 time, respectively. The increase in the number of cases of pneumonia with signs of coronavirus infection also increased in 16.24 time, the number of those who recovered at the beginning of the observation was not established, by the end the number of recovered was 76,989 people, the number of deaths increased in 173.83 time. Conclusion: An analysis of the discharge records of patients with pneumonia with signs of coronavirus infection revealed that 54.2% of the patients were females and 45.8% were males. The disease was registered in 21.8% of patients older than 60 years in the presence of concomitant diseases. Concomitant diseases were represented in 42% by arterial hypertension, in 26% by ischemic heart disease, in 14% by pyelonephritis. The same percentage of cases (12%) were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and iron deficiency anemia, 11%
Абстрактный Актуальность изучения грибковых заболеваний кожи обусловлена их широкой распространенностью. Дерматомикоз поражает более 40% населения мира, в то время как онихомикоз (дерматофития ногтей), представляющая собой глобальную проблему здравоохранения, составляет около 18-40%. Цель: Оценка эпидемиологической ситуации по заболеваемости дерматомикозами в период пандемии коронавирусной инфекции в Карагандинской области. Материалы и методы исследования: В исследовании использовались статистические данные за период 2009-2020 гг. Результаты: Анализ многолетней динамики заболеваемости дерматомикозами за период 2009-2020 гг. выявил неравномерность течения эпидемического процесса в Карагандинской области. Общее обилие грибов, вызывающих дерматомикозы, преобладает среди мужского населения. Анализ данных по возрасту показал, что чаще всего заболеваемость регистрировалась среди лиц до 35 лет. Дерматомикозы чаще выявляли у подростков и детей до 14 лет по сравнению со взрослыми. Анализ факторов риска развития дерматомикозов в популяции показал, что заболеваемость, связанная с грибковой инфекцией, в 59,2% случаев была обусловлена контактом с животными. Заключение . Распространенность тяжелых форм дерматомикозов среди городского населения была в 1,4 раза выше, чем среди жителей сельской местности. Мужчины болеют дерматомикозами в 1,64 раза чаще, чем женщины. Отмечены факторы, влияющие на распространение инфекционных дерматозов. Это климатические особенности центрального района республики, способствующие накоплению возбудителя в очагах инфекции, а также несвоевременное обращение за медицинской помощью, самолечение, низкая информированность о данной патологии, в частности профилактические мероприятия. . Ключевые слова: дерматомикозы, заболеваемость, эпидемиология, распространенность, возрастные группы, население, Карагандинская область.
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