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ABSTRACT. The authors investigated gender influences on the nature and competency of preschool children's social problem-solving strategies. Preschool-age children (N = 179; 91 boys, 88 girls) responded to hypothetical social situations designed to assess their social problem-solving skills in the areas of provocation, peer group entry, and sharing or taking turns. Results indicated that, overall, girls' responses were more competent (i.e., reflective of successful functioning with peers) than those of boys, and girls' strategies were less likely to involve retaliation or verbal or physical aggression. The competency of the children's responses also varied with the gender of the target child. Findings are discussed in terms of the influence of gender-related social experiences on the types of strategies and behaviors that may be viewed as competent for boys and girls of preschool age.

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Short‐termism has been identified as a characteristic of individuals, companies, stock markets, governance structures and policies, and has been linked to inadequate saving for retirement, reduced investment returns, greater market instability and destruction of long‐term value. As a construct, short‐termism is complex and multidimensional. Accordingly, this paper draws upon current theory and research from a range of fields including behavioural economics, psychology and the cognitive sciences to uncover both explanations of the phenomenon and implications for countering an overly short‐term focus. Possible strategies for achieving the latter are discussed.

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