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Eucalypts can be very productive when intensively grown as short rotation woody crops (SRWC) for bioproducts. In Florida, USA, a fertilized, herbicided, and irrigated cultivar planted at 2471 trees/ha could produce over 58 green mt/ha/year in 3.7 years, and at 2071 trees/ha, its net present value (NPV) exceeded $750/ha at a 6% discount rate and stumpage price of $11.02/green mt. The same cultivar grown less intensively at three planting densities had the highest stand basal area at the highest density through 41 months, although individual tree diameter at breast height (DBH) was the smallest. In combination with an organic fertilizer, biochar improved soil properties, tree leaf nutrients, and tree growth within 11 months of application. Biochar produced from Eucalyptus and other species is a useful soil amendment that, especially in combination with an organic fertilizer, could improve soil physical and chemical properties and increase nutrient availability to enhance Eucalyptus tree nutrition and growth on sandy soils. Eucalypts produce numerous naturally occurring bioproducts and are suitable feedstocks for many other biochemically or thermochemically derived bioproducts that could enhance the value of SRWCs.

Eucalyptus amplifolia and Corymbia torelliana genetic improvement has been conducted in the lower southeastern USA by UF and collaborators since 1980. The collective accomplishments in genetic resources and potential commercial uses are summarized. For example, fast-growing, freeze-resilient E. amplifolia seeds are provided by 1st and 2nd generation seedling seed orchards (SSO) and a 2nd generation clonal seed orchard (CSO), while C. torelliana seed are available from 1st and 2nd generation SSOs. Breeding values (BV) have been developed for guiding the deployment of improved genotypes. Collaborative genetic improvement of these species is ongoing, including testing E. amplifolia in 11 countries and development of hybrid clones. Short Rotation Woody Crop (SRWC) systems may increase productivity and extend uses beyond conventional mulchwood to products such as medium density fiberboard (MDF), biochar, and energywood, while other possible applications include honey production, windbreaks, dendroremediation, and carbon sequestration. C. torelliana may be paired with E. grandis in two-row windbreaks to maximum windbreak effectiveness and may sequester as much carbon as E. grandis.

Growth and economic models for E. grandis in mulch wood rotations, for E. grandis and E. grandis x E. urophylla cultivars grown as short-rotation woody crops (SRWC), including coppicing, for E. grandis in windbreaks (WB), with and without soil amendments including biochar (BC) and the slow-release fertilizer Green Edge (SRF, GE), and for E. grandis in dendroremediation applications estimated the above- and below-ground carbon sequestration potentials of these management options. The cultivars may sequester over 10 Mg of C/ha/year as SRWCs. Under assumed management costs and market conditions, SRWC management with BC is more profitable than operational culture if BC application costs are ≤$450/Mg. Longer rotations with less intensive management result in lower but still considerable sequestration and economic benefit. In WBs, E. grandis cultivars may sequester up to 34 Mg of C/ha in 3 years, with additional sequestration by amending soil with BC, GE, and BC + GE. Amending soil with BC derived from eucalypts is both a long-term sequestration strategy and an opportunity to increase plantation and crop productivity. Demand for sustainably produced BC is growing due to multiple applications beyond soil carbon sequestration.