Abstract-Many recent deployments of environmental sensor networks have focused on obtaining measurements across large and inhospitable areas. With increasing scale it becomes impractical to deploy or maintain such systems by hand. This paper evaluates large scale network disconnectivity and highlights the underlying issues related to the environment and node characteristics. Furthermore, it examines how a low cost and adaptive method of robotic repair can be applied to large area networks using received signal strength measurements for simple navigation and placement.
We propose Computational Sensor Networks as a methodology to exploit models of physical phenomena in order to better understand the structure of the sensor network. To do so, it is necessary to relate changes in the sensed variables (e.g., temperature) to the aspect of interest in the sensor network (e.g., sensor node position, sensor bias, etc.), and to develop a computational method for its solution. As examples, we describe the use of the heat equation to solve (1) the sensor localization problem, and (2) the sensor bias problem. Simulation and physical experiments are described.
Electronic textiles offer possibilities for producing large-area sensors circuits on conformal substrates. To demonstrate this concept, a 5×4 element acoustic array was produced on a 3m × 1m fabric substrate. In the course of fabricating the acoustic array a variety of production issues were identified that impacted the performance of the prototype when experimental tests were carried out with this prototype acoustic array. Fabric-based acoustic array design and production, along with design issues related to scaling an acoustic array to handle larger numbers of microphones on large-area fabrics, are the focus of this paper.
We are engaged in the construction of a smart sensor network to monitor snow conditions and help determine avalanche probability in back country ski areas in the Wasatch mountains. These sensor networks will be comprised of devices having the ability to communicate, compute and sense the environment temperature, light intensity, pressure, and other properties. We have developed several distributed algorithms for such networks and demonstrated them in simulation and small-scale experiments. Our goal is to build and test a 50-100 node network through Fall 2004, and to deploy it for experimental study this coming winter.
Weaving, knitting or placing electronic circuits within a textile matrix offer exciting possibilities for large-scale conformal circuits where the circuit dimensions can be measured on the scale of yards instead of inches. However, compared with conventional printed circuit board circuits, the textile manufacturing process and the electrical/mechanical properties of the fibers used in making the textile place unusual constraints on the electrical performance of textile circuits. In the case of distributed sensors connected via an electronic fabric, signal attenuation and the ability to form reliable interconnections are major challenges. To explore these challenges we have woven and knitted a variety of electrical transmission lines and optical fibers in fabrics to analyze their performance. The formation of interconnects and disconnects between conductors woven in textiles is also discussed, and a passive acoustic array is described as a possible electronic textile application.
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