Objectives:The purpose of this research was to identify children's semantic access on priming tasks and executive control on interference tasks, and the best predictor of vocabulary size and word learning in children with specific language impairment (SLI). Methods: The study included children between 6 to 9 years of age, 18 children with SLI and 18 children with normal language (NL). Tasks were the Receptive and Expressive Vocabulary Test (REVT-R) which examines acquired vocabulary knowledge, quick incidental learning (QUIL) which assesses word learning capability, and semantic priming and interference tasks which tap the ability to bridge acquired vocabulary knowledge and word learning capability. Results: The results were as follows: the SLI group showed low performance on all tasks compared to NL group; the SLI group did not show any bridging task predicting REVT-R, whereas in the NL group, the accuracy of the semantic priming task predicted REVT-R. Additionally, the speed of the semantic priming task was the best predictor of the QUIL in the SLI group, but the speed of the interference task was the best predictor of QUIL in the NL group. Conclusion: The results indicated that the predictor of word learning skill and the speed of the semantic priming and interference tasks can be used for the SLI and NL groups, respectively. Thus, semantic priming effect on related target words and inhibiting ability for unrelated target words may significantly contribute to word learning.
This work is based on the master's thesis of the first author (2018). Objectives: The present study aimed to discover whether specific variables correlated with performance of non-word repetition (NWR) and fast mapping (FM) in each group, and whether the mean score of correct response per non-word correlated with each biphone phonotactic probability (PP) in the NWR and FM comprehension task of each group. Methods: Fifteen children with specific language impairment (SLI) and 20 age-matched children with normal language (NL) from 4-to 6-year-old participated in this study. We performed NWR and FM tasks according to wordlikeness by adjusting biphone PP. Two-way mixed ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data. Results: The main effect of the group was significant in all tasks. In NWR and FM comprehension, the main effect of wordlikeness was significant. There was no interaction in any task. Also, the SLI group showed significant correlation between NWR, age, receptive, and expressive vocabulary. The NL and SLI groups showed significant correlation between mean score per non-word item and each non-word biphone PP in the NWR, and only the SLI group showed significant correlation between mean score per non-word item and non-word biphone PP in FM comprehension. Conclusion: The results indicate that Korean language is also affected by PP. In addition, an advantage of high wordlikeness is that the NWR and FM, which are known to tap underlying language processing, are affected by Korean PP, and that both NL and SLI are influenced by linguistic knowledge. These results suggest the need to consider PP in evaluation and intervention with Korean non-words.
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