I n 1888, more than a century ago, the Austrian botanist FriedrichReinitzer discovered an intermediate state of matter between isotropic liquid and lattice-structured crystal [1][2][3]. Th is state, later termed liquid crystal (LC), remained merely a novelty for many years until suitable applications for the technology began to become apparent. From the late 1960s, following the realization that various display applications were possible, the popularity of liquid crystal as a research fi eld expanded rapidly, attracting the interest of many scientists who made fundamental contributions to the technologies that have led to the spectacular success of liquid crystal displays (LCDs) [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Th e development of the twisted nematic (TN) [4] and supertwisted nematic (STN) [5] cell confi gurations, along with the necessary manufacturing technologies [6][7][8][9], resulted in the birth of the LCD industry in the late 1970s and early 1980s. The subsequent development of thin-film transistor (TFT) technology provided a further boost to the industry in the late 1980s [14,15]. Th e boom was signifi cantly supported by the advancement of material technologies such as the highly reliable manufacturing of liquid crystal base materials, and the development of polymers for the alignment layer, color fi lter materials, and sheet-type polarizers formed from the poly(vinyl alcohol)-iodine complex.In the 1990s, LCDs occupied an important position in the display market primarily through notebook applications, although the cathode ray tube (CRT) continued to dominate the desktop monitor and television markets. Th e plasma display panel (PDP), which appeared in the commercial market in 1997, pioneered the large-area fl at panel display market. It was widely predicted at the time that PDPs would maintain the lead in the large-area display market and that LCDs in small-display information technology (IT) applications would soon be replaced by new technologies such as displays based on organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) [16,17]. Such predictions were based on the belief that the LCD technology suff ered from serious limitations in terms of both off -axis image quality and moving picture quality, and also that it had proved diffi cult to obtain reasonable manufacturing yields of large-area TFT panels. However, these predictions, as we now know, turned out to be incorrect. Th e application of LCDs has expanded rapidly in recent years from purely information technology (IT) applications to the television and mobile display markets, and now even to very-large-area digital information displays (DIDs).Interestingly, while LCDs penetrated the traditional territories of other display technologies including CRTs and PDPs, attracting inevitable and heavy competition from these technologies, the most critical competitors were in fact alternative LCD technologies. A range of LCD modes and technologies are now applied in the same areas of application and are compared directly with one another in the market. In applicat...

Samsung intends to be the world leader in LCD-TV through a combination of superior product technology, advanced process execution, and aggressive capitalization. This paper explores and updates Samsung's latest developments toward its goal of ultimate LCD-TV performance and market leadership. Samsung's development of Super PVA (S-PVA) represents a key performance achievement. S-PVA is a new technology which enables screen quality advantages over S-IPS and MVA, including high transmittance, >1000:1 contrast ratio, and wide angle of view with no off-axis image inversion. This new technology is described in detail. This paper also addresses the other remaining performance issues facing LCD-TV, including Samsung's plans for addressing these challenges. Until recently, inter-gray response time and associated motion blur were significant issues for achieving quality LCD-TV images. Samsung has invented DCC-II technology to achieve sub-10-msec response time, and this achievement is described. Other technology advancements, including next-generation color performance and ultra-low black performance, are discussed. Samsung has announced the development of a 57-in. full-HD (1920 × 1080) LCD-TV panel, the world's largest, based on S-PVA technology. This product represents the culmination of many technical breakthroughs, and is discussed herein. Samsung's LCD manufacturing strategy, which includes the world's first generation 7 LCD fab, is also described.

A modified DCC (Dynamic Capacitance Compensation), DCCII has been developed for the fast response time performance in PVA TFT-LCD TVs. DCCII applies a pre-tilt voltage to addressed pixels during the previous frame in addition to an overshoot voltage. In result, the response time less than 8 msec, has been obtained for all moving images through the DCCII technique.

A charge-shared super patterned-ITO vertical alignment (CS S-PVA) LCD mode is proposed. CS S-PVA controls the voltage ratio between two sub-pixels by a unique charge-sharing topology, resulting in improved off-axis image quality and transmittance increase without any side effects. Moreover, the new S-PVA LCD mode is free of image-sticking. Operating schemes and display performance of CS S-PVA are presented.

No abstract