Key points The impact of a multi-modal infection control strategy originally designed for containment of COVID-19 on the rates of other hospital-acquired-infections (HAIs) was evaluated over an 7-month period across the largest healthcare system in Singapore. During the COVID-19 pandemic, MRSA acquisition rates declined significantly, together with central-line-associated-bloodstream infection (CLABSI) rates; likely due to increased compliance with standard precautions. Enhanced infection control measures resulted in the unintended positive consequences of containing healthcare-associated respiratory viral infections, with a significant and sustained decline for both enveloped and non-enveloped respiratory viruses. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic provided the impetus to demonstrate the potential benefit of heightened infection control measures in controlling HAIs and acquisition of MDROs

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BackgroundCarbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) is increasingly reported worldwide. A similar increase is seen in Singapore since identification of its first case in 2008. The aim of this study was to identify local risk factors for carriage of CRE in patients from an acute tertiary care hospital in Singapore.MethodA matched case-control study was conducted on inpatients treated from January 1, 2011 till December 31, 2013. Two hundred and three cases of CRE infection or colonization were matched with 203 controls. CRE types were identified by PCR. Statistical analysis of data including a multivariate logistic regression analysis was done using SPSS 21.0.ResultsCREs were commonly seen in Klebsiella pneumoniae (42.2 %), Escherichia coli (24.3 %) and Enterobacter cloacae complex (17.2 %) in the 268 isolates. NDM-1 was the commonest CRE type seen (44.4 %), followed by KPC (39.9 %) whilst OXA-48 only constituted (7.8 %). Univariate analysis identified key risk factors associated with CRE as history of previous overseas hospitalization (OR: 33.667; 95 % CI: 4.539-259.700), admission to ICU (OR: 11.899; 95 % CI: 4.986-28.399) and HD/ICA (OR: 6.557; 95 % CI: 4.057-10.596); whilst a multivariate analysis revealed exposure to antibiotics penicillin (OR: 4.640; 95 % CI: 1.529-14.079] and glycopeptide (OR: 5.162; 95 % CI: 1.377-19.346) and presence of central line device (OR: 3.117; 95 % CI: 1.167-8.330) as significant independent predictors.ConclusionsThe identification of risk factors amongst our local population helped to refine the criteria used for target active surveillance screening for CRE amongst inpatients at time of hospital admission.

Background: During an ongoing outbreak of COVID-19, unsuspected cases may be housed outside of dedicated isolation wards. Aim: At a Singaporean tertiary hospital, individuals with clinical syndromes compatible with COVID-19 but no epidemiologic risk were placed in cohorted general wards for COVID-19 testing. To mitigate risk, an infection control bundle was implemented comprising infrastructural enhancements, improved personal protective equipment, and social distancing. We assessed the impact on environmental contamination and transmission. Methods: Upon detection of a case of COVID-19 in the dedicated general ward, patients and health care workers (HCWs) contacts were identified. All patient and staff close-contacts were placed on 14-day phone surveillance and followed up for 28 days; symptomatic contacts were tested. Environmental samples were also obtained. Findings: Over a 3-month period, 28 unsuspected cases of COVID-19 were contained in the dedicated general ward. In 5 of the 28 cases, sampling of the patient's environment yielded SARS-CoV-2; index cases who required supplemental oxygen had higher odds of environmental contamination (P = .01). A total of 253 staff close-contacts and 45 patient close-contacts were identified; only 3 HCWs (1.2%, 3/253) required quarantine. On 28-day follow-up, no patient-to-HCW transmission was documented; only 1 symptomatic patient closecontact tested positive. Conclusions: Our institution successfully implemented an intervention bundle to mitigate COVID-19 transmission in a multibedded cohorted general ward setting.

A multipronged strategy orchestrated by a central task force curbed but could not eradicate VRE. Control measures were confounded by hospital infrastructure and high MRSA endemicity.

Summary Background Phone hygiene is increasingly recognized in infection prevention. We aimed to explore the beliefs, attitudes and performance of phone hygiene amongst healthcare workers (HCWs) in the major operation theatre (MOT) complex of a Singapore tertiary acute care hospital. We also monitored the impact of phone hygiene stations, introduced to improve phone hygiene. Methods We sent two online anonymous surveys to the Departments of Anaesthesia and MOT Nurses one month before and after we set up phone hygiene stations. Four phone hygiene stations displaying visual phone hygiene reminders and Mikrozid® sensitive wipes were set up at MOT entrances. Results A total of 205 and 91 HCWs responded to the first and second surveys respectively. In the first survey, 11.5% cleaned their phones daily while 9.4% never cleaned their phones. These changed to 16.9% and 3.8% respectively after the introduction of phone hygiene stations. 80.0% in the first survey said they would clean their phones more often if there were a readily accessible disinfection method in the MOT. A majority believed phones are a source of healthcare associated infection. Common reasons for not cleaning phones were ‘lack of available resources’ and ‘I don't think about it.’ Senior doctors were the least compliant to phone hygiene. Conclusion Phone hygiene is easily overlooked during our busy workday. Besides increasing awareness of phone hygiene, having a readily available disinfection method in the MOT complex is important to improve phone hygiene. We suggest HCWs clean their phones before entering and/or after leaving the MOT daily.

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Sporadic clusters of healthcare-associated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurred despite intense rostered routine surveillance and a highly vaccinated healthcare worker (HCW) population, during a community surge of the severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) B.1.617.2 δ (delta) variant. Genomic analysis facilitated timely cluster detection and uncovered additional linkages via HCWs moving between clinical areas and among HCWs sharing a common lunch area, enabling early intervention.