Although
poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is commonly used in nanoparticle
design, the impact of surface topography on nanoparticle performance
in biomedical applications has received little attention, despite
showing significant promise in the study of inorganic nanoparticles.
Control of the surface topography of polymeric nanoparticles is a
formidable challenge due to the limited conformational control of
linear polymers that form the nanoparticle surface. In this work,
we establish a straightforward method to precisely tailor the surface
topography of PEGylated polymeric nanoparticles based on tuning the
architecture of shape-persistent amphiphilic bottlebrush block copolymer
(BBCP) building blocks. We demonstrate that nanoparticle formation
and surface topography can be controlled by systematically changing
the structural parameters of BBCP architecture. Furthermore, we reveal
that the surface topography of PEGylated nanoparticles significantly
affects their performance. In particular, the adsorption of a model
protein and the uptake into HeLa cells were closely correlated to
surface roughness and BBCP terminal PEG block brush width. Overall,
our work elucidates the importance of surface topography in nanoparticle
research as well as provides an approach to improve the performance
of PEGylated nanoparticles.
Occlusion handling in computer-generated holography is of vast importance as it enhances depth information by presenting correct motion parallax of the 3D scene within the viewing angle. In this paper, we propose a computationally efficient occlusion handling technique based on a fully analytic mesh based computer generated holography. The proposed technique uses angular spectrum convolution that renders exact occlusion while preserving all other aspects of the fully analytic mesh based computer generated holography. The proposed method is computationally efficient as only a single convolution operation is required for each mesh without numerical propagation between the meshes. The proposed method is also exact as it performs the occlusion processing in the tilted mesh plane, being free from artifacts coming from orthographic spatial masking. The proposed method can be applied to the self and the mutual occlusions between the objects in the 3D scene. The computer simulated results show the feasibility of the proposed method.
We propose a novel, to the best of our knowledge, waveguide-type optical see-through Maxwellian near-eye display for augmented reality. A pin-mirror holographic optical element (HOE) array enables the Maxwellian view and eye-box replication. Virtual images with deep depth of field are presented by each pin-mirror HOE, alleviating the discrepancy between vergence and accommodation distance. The compact form factor is achieved by the thin waveguide and HOE couplers.
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