A PVC-membrane-based Mg(II) selective electrode was constructed using methyl phenyl semicarbazone (MPS) as a neutral carrier. The sensor exhibits a Nernstian response for Mg(II) ion over a wide concentration range1.0×10-8 to 1.0×10-1 M with the slope of 28.4 mV/per decade having detection limit1.7×10-9 M. It was relatively a fast response time (<10 s for concentration≥1.0×10-3and<15 s for concentration of≥1.0×10-6 M) and can be used for 8 months without any considerable divergence in potentials. The proposed sensor revealed relatively good selectivity and high sensitivity for Mg(II) over a mono-, di-, and trivalent cation and can be used in a pH range of 1.0–9.5. It was also successfully used as an indicator electrode in potentiometer titration and in the analysis of concentration of magnesium in various real samples.
A new polyvinylchloride membrane sensor for Cd 2+ ions has been prepared using 2-acetylthiophene Semicarbazone (ATS) ligand as an electroactive ionophore and dibutylphthalate (DBP) as a plasticizing agent. The best performance was recorded with a membrane composition of PVC: DBP: Ionophore: NaTPB as 31: 64: 3.2: 1.8 (w/w %). The sensor exhibits a Nernstian response for Cd 2+ ions over a wide concentration range (1.0×10-5 to 1.0×10-1 M) with a slope of 29.4±0.2 mV decade-1. It has a fast response time of ˂10 s and can be used for at least 5 weeks without any divergence in potential. The electrode can be used in the pH range from 3.4 to 7.6. The proposed sensor revealed relatively good selectivity and high sensitivity for Cd 2+ ions in presence of a number of mono, di and trivalent interfering cations within the working range of the electrode. The electrode was successfully applied for the direct determination of Cd 2+ in solution and, as an indicator electrode, in potentiometric titration of cadmium ions using ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) as titrant.
A polymeric membrane-based tin selective electrode was developed by using salicylaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (STSC). The best performance was recorded with a membrane composition of PVC : TBP : ionophore : NaTPB as 28 : 59 : 8 : 5 (w/w%). The Nernstian slope calculated from the calibration curve for Sn2+sensor was28.8±0.4 mV/decade. The detection limit of the sensor was2.10×10−8 M, in the linear concentration range of1.0×10−2−1.1×10−7 M. It was relatively fast response time (<8 s for concentration≥1.0×10−4and <12 s for concentration of≥1.0×10−6 M) and can be used for 9 months without any considerable divergence in potentials. The proposed sensor exhibit relatively good selectivity and high sensitivity for tin(II) as other mono-, di-, and trivalent cations and can be used in a pH range of 2.0–8.5. The analytical usefulness of the proposed electrode has been evaluated by its application in the determination of stannous in artificially made samples.
ISEs possess several advantages, such as high speed, ease of preparation, simple instrumentation, fast response time, wide concentration range, good selectivity and economically affordable. ISE based electrochemical sensors are useful in analysis of food products, drinking water, beverages, fertilizers, soil industrial effluents etc. Generally sensors are based on electroactive materials and provide a rapid and convenient means for quantitative estimation of anions and cations in biological and industrial samples. The aim of present work is to synthesize modified clay with heteropoly acids. These modified clays may have significant electrochemical activity in Ion selective electrodes. These clays can be employed as ionophore to develop chemical sensors for their application as sensors and in potentiometric titrations as indicator electrode.
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