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ABSTRAKKebakaran lahan dan hutan (Karhutla) di Indonesia terjadi hampir setiap tahun sejak 1997. Penyebab utama kebakaran berkaitan dengan aktivitas manusia, didorong kondisi iklim ekstrem yang dipengaruhi El Nino saat musim kemarau dan kondisi biofisik lahan terdegradasi. Di Indonesia kebakaran berdampak pada aspek sosial budaya, ekonomi dan politik. Oleh karena itu pemerintah Indonesia melibatkan multi institusi pemerintah dalam pengendalian Karhutla. Dengan demikian koordinasi antar institusi mutlak diperlukan dalam pengendalian Karhutla. Studi dengan pendekatan kualitatif ini menganalisis koordinasi antar instansi pemerintah dalam pengendalian Karhutla dengan kasus di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa koordinasi antar instansi pemerintah terjadi dalam konteks pemadaman kebakaran. Kinerja yang dihasilkan kurang optimal ditinjau dari capaian target pemadaman. Faktor yang memengaruhi koordinasi adalah kewenangan, komunikasi, kontrol dan kepemimpinan. Koordinasi perlu ditingkatkan dalam konteks pencegahan Karhutla mengingat pemadaman api di lahan gambut relatif sulit dikendalikan.Kata kunci: Kebakaran hutan dan lahan; pengendalian; institusi pemerintah; koordinasi; Provinsi Sumatera Selatan.

Peatlands support the daily needs of people in many villages in Indonesia, including in Central Kalimantan Province. They provide the natural resources to enable fisheries, agriculture, plantations, and forestry. However, peatland utilization comes with various challenges, including fire, soil acidity, inundation, low fertility, and limited choice of suitable species. Many of the current uses of peatland can result in its degradation, oxidation, and increased risk of peat fire. Avoiding further environmental degradation will require the development of new technology that allows the community to both earn a livelihood and protect the peatland. In this study we assessed a range of technologies applied by 14 farmers at Tumbang Nusa village, Central Kalimantan province, in managing degraded peatlands in their home yard for agricultural business. The study shows that for endemic peatland species, good success can be achieved if they are planted directly. However, for species endemic to mineral land, there are four technologies applied by farmers in managing degraded peatland. The choice of technologies is influenced by their economic capacity/cash flow flexibility and their understanding of peatlands. Technologies intended to adapt to land inundation include the use of polybags, development of raised beds, and making peat mounds with mineral soil in the centre. Technologies to address the acidity and soil fertility include amelioration with dolomite lime and fertilizer. The use of polybags filled with peat soil is the easiest technology to adopt and can be conducted by all family members. However, a farmer’s choice of technology needs to always consider the potential environmental impacts in addition to increasing soil fertility so that peat conservation is maintained.

Wildfires in Indonesia are an annual phenomenon which peak in dry El Nino years, with up to 2.6 million ha of forest and land burnt in the drought year of 2015. This is an annual disaster for the country and surrounding region, with severe impacts on the environment, as well as human health, economic and social factors. Forest Management Units (FMUs, known locally as Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan, KPH) are the implementation agencies on the ground that play a strategic role in both the prevention and suppression of forest fires. FMUs are mandated to establish a local fire brigade, to provide adequate personnel and equipment, and to carry out fire prevention as well as suppression programs. This research aimed to analyze the performance of forest fire-related policy implementation. The study was based on five FMUs in fire-prone regions of Central Kalimantan and South Sumatra, Indonesia. The performance of the FMUs is measured by achievement of the policy objectives and effectiveness of policy implementation. Our analysis shows the policies, standards and objectives to manage fire are clear for FMUs, but there are challenges in their implementation, such that fire control activities have not been fully implemented. Most FMUs have limited capacity and resources, as well as complicated budget mechanisms and low community participation. Strengthening FMU capacity will significantly improve their performance in forest fire control, particularly in the initial stages. This can be done at three scales: personnel, organization and system.

Dyera polyphylla Jelutung merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman potensial untuk hutan tanaman. Pembangunan hutan tanaman jelutung untuk kayu pertukangan hingga saat ini belum optimal. Salah satu faktor penyebabnya karena karena kelayakan usaha pembangunan hutan tanaman jenis jelutung masih perlu dipromosikan melalui penyediaan data hasil analisis kelayakan finansial. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kelayakan finansial hutan tanaman jelutung (. Objek penelitian yang dipilih adalah tanaman jelutung yang dikembangkan masyarakat di Desa Jabiren, Kecamatan Jabiren Raya, Kabupaten Pulang Pisau, Kalimantan Tengah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanaman jelutung baik pola campuran dengan karet maupun pola monokultur, secara finansial layak untuk dikembangkan.

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The designation of forest area for the purposes of non-forestry sector has to be done through the mechanism of exchange and lease forest areas. The policies regarding these mechanism changed dinamically. This study examined changes in the policy of the mechanism, factors driving these changes and their implications. The results showed that the changes of forest areas used by expanding to the commercial interests, the criteria exchanged forest areas, lease license validity period, the criteria of replacement land / land compensation, the ratio of replacement land, and monitoring-evaluating activities. The factors driving these changes include economic factors, political and social. The effective monitoring and evaluation activities become one of the keys to overcoming the problem of policy implementation in the exchange or lease of forest areas.

Typology of Forest Management Unit (FMU) arranged through clustering based on its characteristics. These characteristics are FMU managers, participation of stakeholders and their business potential. The survey approach used by sending questionnaires to 86 FMU models that already have organization as primary data collection. Literatures are used as suporting data. Based on questionnaires collected from 35 FMU there are three types of FMU such as type A (index 3.66-5.00), type B (index 2.33 to 3.66) and type C (index 1.00 to 2.33). The characteristics of type A are good understanding of FMU concept, sufficient number of employees and the employees have good capabilities, high stakeholders support, and good forest business potential. The characteristics of type B are enough understanding of the FMU concept, not enough employees and their capabilities, enough stakeholders support and there are forest business potential. The characteristics of types C are less understanding of the concept, the number and capability of human resources is not enough, lack of stakeholder support, and lack of forest business potential. Most FMUs (97%) belong to type B and type C. It means that the FMU still need assistance from the government in its development.