Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) individuals are at increased risk of various forms of psychopathology. Little research has been conducted with broadband measures of psychopathology and TGD individuals. The present study sought to examine how TGD individuals scored on Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) scales. This included MMPI-2-RF profiles from 85 TGD individuals; 37 were in mental health treatment and 48 of which were not. This study involved three sets of pairwise comparisons on MMPI-2-RF substantive scales via t-tests: (a) TGD individuals not in treatment versus the MMPI-2-RF normative sample, (v) TGD individuals not in treatment versus TGD individuals in treatment, and (c) TGD individuals in treatment versus a large outpatient clinical sample. Compared to the MMPI-2-RF normative sample, TGD individuals not in treatment scored significantly higher on 31 of the MMPI-2-RF substantive scales. Compared to those TGD individuals not in treatment, those in treatment had significantly higher scores on several MMPI-2-RF scales, primarily those of internalizing psychopathology. In the final comparison between TGD individuals in treatment and an outpatient clinical sample, the TGD individuals had some significantly higher and significantly lower scores on MMPI-2-RF substantive scales. Implications regarding minority stress and the current findings are discussed. Public Significance StatementThis study found that transgender and gender diverse individuals scored meaningfully higher on several self-report scales measuring psychopathology. Implications are such that transgender and gender diverse individuals experience a greater degree of psychological distress and somatic and cognitive complaints particularly in a nonclinical sample compared to a normative sample.

The expectations, attributions, and reactions toward children and youth who have contracted HIV/AIDS warrant close attention from parents, teachers, related service personnel, and others who will interact with these students in the schools. Those who are misinformed or unaware of their beliefs may inadvertently discriminate against children and youth with the disease. This study examined factors that influence judgments about children and youth with HIV/AIDS in a sample of teacher education students. Course of infection of HIV accounted for significant differences in the participants' judgments about responsibility and blame for contracting the disease and also fearfulness and attitudes reflecting isolation for these youth. Educational professionals should be aware of the many negative attributions placed on adolescents who are diagnosed as HIV ϩ and be prepared to act as facilitators when designing appropriate interventions to assist these students.

Attributions toward HIVϩ adolescents made by teacher education students who graduated from rural or urban high schools were examined. Participants read vignettes in which level of promiscuity and sexual orientation were varied, then completed a rating scale that reflected various attitudes toward HIV ϩ students. The vignette student labeled promiscuous was blamed and judged more personally responsible for contracting the disease than the non-promiscuous student. Participants who reported graduating from urban high schools indicated more positive affect and positive attitude toward integration, but also higher levels of fearfulness, than did those from rural high schools. Sexual orientation and the participant's high school location interacted on the need for reporting/precautions variable. Those from urban high schools indicated a higher need for reporting and safety precautions than did those from rural high schools when the HIV ϩ student was labeled heterosexual. School Psychologists should be aware of the varied factors that are involved in teacher judgments concerning HIV ϩ students.

No abstract

No abstract