Different regulation type of activation of MMPs has been found in these two diseases. If MMP-2 expression is intense in the mucosa, then this ends with polyp formation; if MMP-7 expression is intense, it ends with CRS or stays as CRS.

Identical results in objective and subjective parameters were observed for both techniques.

Formation of experimental myringosclerosis was reduced or inhibited and tympanic membranes were thinner after systemic Ginkgo biloba extract administration.

No abstract

Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma presenting in the head and neck is extremely rare. Histologic diagnosis is difficult and close co-operation among clinician, radiologist and pathologist is recommended. The tumour has a better prognosis than myxoid chondrosarcoma of the bone but surgical resection may be difficult due to its gelatinous nature. We present a case of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma originating in the left nasal cavity of a 35-year-old woman.

We suggest that septoplasty alone can be adequate for the treatment of CRS with septal deviation.

This experience shows that balloon dilatation is a safe and effective treatment of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction as a primary procedure in children over 36 months of age and as a secondary procedure after failure of lacrimal system probing. As a result, balloon dacryocystoplasty can be an alternative treatment in older children and can be preferred to silicone intubation and dacryocystorhinostomy performed after unsuccessful probing.

With the widespread utilization of endoscopic nasal surgery, the interest in nasal structures has increased. Inferior turbinate pneumatization is among the most rare causes of nasal obstruction. In the current literature, there are only ten reported cases of inferior turbinate pneumatization. A 52-year-old male patient presented with nasal obstruction, purulent nasal discharge, facial pain and headache. Anterior rhinoscopic examination showed bilateral middle and inferior turbinate hypertrophy and edema of the nasal mucosa. Computed tomography (CT) revealed bilateral frontal, anterior and posterior ethmoidal and maxillary sinusitis with bilateral concha media bullosa and right infected inferior turbinate pneumatization. In this report, infection of this rare anatomical abnormality is presented for the first time and documented with acoustic rhinometry, CT and peroperative photography.