The harsh climate of the arid zone determines several biological features in black saxaul plantations. Therefore, the study of the growth and condition of artificial plantations, depending on the use of physiologically active moisture-absorbing substances and growth biostimulants, is of particular practical importance. In the Moinkum sands of the Zhambyl region (Kazakhstan), observations of the growth and development of the black saxaul in places where physiologically active substances and biostimulants of growth were used were continued at industrial plantings in 2018, 2019, and 2020. The purpose of these studies was to prevent desertification by improving the preservation of forest crops of the black saxaul. The use of various water-retaining compounds (hydrogels), growth stimulants (Epin-Extra), and fertilizers, as well as their combined use, had a positive effect. The use of moisture-absorbing substances and biostimulators of plant growth in the cultivation of black saxaul increased the average diameter and average height of seedlings by an average of 30.1 and 38.6%, respectively. The best effect of the growth stimulators used was shown with hydrogel, Epin-Extra (plant growth biostimulator), and a ready-made mixture of hydrogel, fertilizer, and Epin. The use of moisture-absorbing substances, growth biostimulators, and nitrogen fertilizers affected the second and subsequent years after planting.
The whole natural complex, the system of using natural renewable natural resources depends on the state of the forestry sector of the national economy. Over the years of land reform, the area of the forest fund of Kazakhstan has more than doubled, as a result of which the search for ways to develop forestry enterprises in the country is becoming increasingly urgent. The purpose of the study is to consider the forest management and forestry units in the Republic of Kazakhstan. In the course of the study, the main indicators of the forest fund of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the period from 2015 to 2019 were analyzed. The study concludes that forestry in Kazakhstan should be aimed at protecting forests, increasing their area, and moving away from interest in forests as a source of forest resources.
This study evaluates the relationship between laboratory germination and biometric parameters of aglets of the critically endangered birch tree species Betula jarmolenkoana Golosk (Yarmolenko birch). The Yarmolenko birch is a very rare, narrowly endemic species, growing at an altitude of 1,900-2,100 m above sea level and only in the basins of three rivers (Kakpak, Bayynkol, and Tekes) in the Almaty region of Kazakhstan. Therefore, research is currently needed to increase the stability of birch forests and determine the optimal ways to preserve them. The study aimed to establish the nature of the relationship between laboratory germination and biometric parameters of birch aglets. To conduct surveys on the Yarmolenko birch forests, six sampling areas were selected, and five trees of close age (VI-VII age classes) were selected and marked in each sampling area. At the end of summer (August), after the seeds had reached physiological maturity (yellowing of the aglet core), 100 pieces of aglets were collected from trees at a height of 2.0 to 2.5 m and weighed on electronic scales. The data obtained were processed using methods of variational statistics, and the average values, coefficient of variability, and standard error of the average value were calculated. Student's t-test was used to compare features between the areas. The relationship between biometric parameters and seed germination was identified and statistically substantiated. According to three-year observations, in some areas of the forest, especially in areas with young and medium-aged plants, the morphometric parameters of aglets were not the same and did not repeat in different years. This was due to the weather conditions of the year of aglet formation and the growth and development of seeds.
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