The understanding of long-term landfill settlement is important for landfill design and rehabilitation. However, suitable models that can consider both the mechanical and biodecomposition mechanisms in predicting the long-term landfill settlement are generally not available. In this paper, a model based on unsaturated consolidation theory and considering the biodegradation process is introduced to simulate the landfill settlement behaviour. The details of problem formulations and the derivation of the solution for the formulated differential equation of gas pressure are presented. A step-by-step analytical procedure employing this approach for estimating settlement is proposed. The proposed model can generally model the typical features of short-term and long-term behaviour. The proposed model also yields results that are comparable with the field measurements.
Anti-lock braking systems (ABS) have been used for improving the vehicle safety in the past few decades. A performance and durability test system for ABS modules is necessary for guiding the product improvement. In this work, a novel versatile test system with a complete sensorial system is designed and realized for fulfilling the durability and performance test of ABS. Unlike traditional approach using wheels, this system relies on electrical signal to trigger the action of ABS. This results in a simple, compact, and versatile design. The test mainly concerns the performance of the hydraulic control unit (HCU) of ABS by examining the hydraulic responses after receiving the command. In addition, two commercial Bosch ABS modules are used on the system as the test samples for the purpose of validation and demonstration. In parallel, the results of the HCU performance test are also compared with that obtained from a commercial test platform based on the same ABS unit. The test results are similar and this fact demonstrates the applicability of the designed system. In comparison with the corresponding commercial system, the designed system is relatively low cost, size compact, and more versatile in testing manner. In the future, more sensors and functions would be added to enhancing the functionality and reliability of the system and becomes compatible with a traditional electronic control unit (ECU) performance test.
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