Terraced paddy fields play important roles in water and soil conservation because their water storage effect reduces and delays flood peaks. This study applies the terraced paddy field rainfall-runoff mechanism to the tank model. Though the traditional four-section tank model can easily simulate rainfall-runoff in a terraced paddy field, it has many parameters that are difficult to calibrate. To address the shortcomings of the traditional four-section tank model, this study develops a revised tank model to simulate rainfall-runoff. This study selects a terraced paddy field located in Hsuing-Pu village in Hsiuing-Chu County as the experimental field. The field under investigation was equipped with automatic monitoring stations, water-stage, and rain gauges. These stations collected data on rainfall and water flow to simulate the rainfall-runoff model in that region. To simulate the runoff behavior of the experimental terraced paddy field, two rainfall events were selected from the gathered data and five normal evaluation indexes based on static and hydrological theory were applied to calculate the results of simulation simultaneously. The revised tank model performed better than expected, and precisely predicted the variations and trends in flow charge. Comparison with representation indexes proved that the revised tank model is an appropriate and valuable tool for rainfall-runoff simulation
Taiwan is a small, populous island. Because little flat land remains available for building, a trend in hillside development has recently been observed. During the storm season, especially during typhoons, heavy rainfall is common; however, the volume of rainfall is difficult to predict. Heavy precipitation causes flash floods as surface and groundwater levels overwhelm drainage systems. Thus people living on, or close to, hills are at risk of experiencing flooding with little warning.We investigated two models to discuss their differences and impact of rainfall in upland locations. The tank model describes and simulates the hydrology of an area, and the kinematic wave model simulates rainfall at upland locations. We used two natural rainfall events that occurred in the Tai-Chung basin as case studies for both models. We applied five statistical indexes, namely root mean squared error (RMSE), coefficient of efficiency (CE), percentage error of peak discharge (EQp), error in time to peak (ETp), and percentage error of total volume (EV) to evaluate and interpret hydraulic data and our simulation results. We determined both models to be applicable; the results showed the relative error in peak flow simulation for the upland tank model to be less than 10%. The total runoff forecasts for large-scale typhoon rainfall exhibited large errors in both models. Less severe rainfall events produced lower percentage errors in both models.The simulated hydrograph was compared with the measured hydrograph, and little difference was observed in the performance of the models. However, the simulation results of the kinematic wave model were slightly more favourable, possibly because the more complex wave model included more parameters representing physiographic factors, such as the river flow parameters P and K, equivalent roughness values of N, the average slope values, and the infiltration values, thus increasing the accuracy of the simulation. The upland tank model did not require complex physiographic factor parameters; instead, the Multistar-Powell method was used to model the upland tank model parameters to produce a simulated hydrograph, yielding results no less favourable than those produced using the kinematic wave model. In the absence of comprehensive measured data and physiographic factors, the upland tank model has practical uses. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. l'erreur à l'occurrence de la pointe de crue (PTE), et l'erreur relative de volume total (EV) pour évaluer et interpréter les données hydrauliques et nos résultats de simulation. Nous avons déterminé que les deux modèles sont applicables; les résultats ont montré l'erreur relative à la simulation du débit de pointe pour le modèle de réservoir de plateau peut être inférieur à 10 %. Les prévisions de ruissellement total à grande échelle généré par des typhons présentaient des erreurs importantes dans les deux modèles. Des événements de précipitations moins intenses produisaient des erreurs relatives plus faibles dans les deux modèles.L'hydrogramm...
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