Purpose: To clarify the current state of ethics review in nursing programs at universities and discuss the ideal state of ethics review for nursing research.Methods: Self-administered questionnaires were distributed by postal mail to full-time faculty members at schools of nursing in all regions of Japan. e faculty members selected were those who had thorough knowledge of ethics review in nursing research.Results: Out of 89 faculty members of schools of nursing that responded to the questionnaires (44.5% response rate), two faculty members indicated that their school did not have an ethics review board; therefore, data on 87 schools were analyzed. Ethics review boards that were managed by a nursing college, school of nursing, or department of nursing all had a small number of committee members, many of whom were quali ed with a nursing specialty. Most of the schools had an o cial ethics code. Forty-six schools (52.9%) had a budget for an ethics committee, 28 schools (32.2%) had a review system that continues even a er a study has started, and 11 schools (12.6%)provided new committee members with a training course. Expedited reviews were performed at 50 schools (57.5%).Conclusions: e present ndings demonstrate the importance of the following considerations in ethics review in nursing research: organizing an interdisciplinary ethics committee with a pluralistic perspective; introducing an appropriate expedited review system and allocating a budget to reduce the burden on members; monitoring the progress of applicants research; and improving each member s ethics quali cations.
The objective of this research is to identify changes in serum oxidative stress and antioxidant levels during normal pregnancy using the diacron‐reactive oxygen metabolites (d‐ROMs) test and biological antioxidant potential (BAP) test. This cross‐sectional study enrolled 126 pregnant women who attended a maternity clinic in Japan. Healthy, non‐pregnant women of reproductive age were recruited as controls. Serum d‐ROMs and BAP were measured within 72 hours using a Free Radical Elective Evaluator. Subjects were divided into five groups: 8‐13 w (n=15), 14‐27 w (n=42), 28‐32 w (n=31), 36‐37 w (n=38), and control (n=7). The pregnant women’s average d‐ROMs and BAP levels were 499.4 ± 99.0 U.CARR and 1977.1 ± 179.3 μmol/l, respectively. The d‐ROMs level in 36‐37 w group increased significantly compared with the control, 8‐13 w and 14‐27 w groups (p=0.000, p=0.009, p=0.006). The BAP level in the 36‐37 w group decreased significantly compared with all other groups (p=0.000). These results suggest that oxidative stress increases and antioxidant power decreases throughout the gestational period, and that the pro‐oxidant antioxidant balance is disturbed most at the end of gestation.
Grant Funding Source: KAKENHI(Grants‐in‐Aid for Scientific Research)
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