An experimental method is de®eloped for determining the internal mass flux through frost with a dendrite structure. The theory and experimental procedures of the measurements using water slightly concentrated with deuterium are described. The internal mass flux determined from ®ariations in the deuterium concentration in frost with time shows an almost linear decrease in the frost depth direction from the surface. The profile of the local frost density is almost flat in the depth direction. The frost uniformity is kept independent of the cooled-plate temperature and the total pressure in the container unless part of the frost melts. The cause for the uniformity of frost density is discussed in terms of the frost temperature profile and microscopic crystal growth.
Summary
Purified hog gastric mucin was administered to low birth‐weight infants at a dose of 7 mg per kg body weight per day and the following results were obtained:
1) The rate of body‐weight increase was higher in the mucin‐administered group than in the nonadministered group.
2) In regard to the intestinal microflora of the mucin‐administered group, L. bifidus became predominant and the pH value of the feces was lowered. Thus, a likeness in fecal properties to breast‐fed infants was brought about in bottle‐fed infants.
3) In addition to mucin, when lactulose was administered at a dose of 0.8 g per kg body weight per day, the enhanced growth of intestinal L. bifidus and the lowered pH value were more profound from the possible synnergistic action than in the group administered with mucin alone.
From these results, the supplementation of powdered milk with mucin enhances the growth of bottle‐fed infants and brings about a likeness in fecal properties to breast‐fed infants. Further supplementation with lactulose results in much more likeness in fecal properties to breast‐fed infants.
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